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Abstract : Health workers and hospital workers are the backbone of health services in hospitals. Hospitals are labor intensive, technology intensive, have a high level of human involvement, activities are continuous every day, and there are potential biological hazards, one of which is Tuberculosis (TB) bacteria. WHO Global TB Report 2020 data, Indonesia country no. 2nd highest in the world infected with Tuberculosis. For this reason, hospitals are workplaces with high occupational safety and health (OHS) risks. Aims: to develop an intervention model to protect hospital workers from tuberculosis infection. The type of research carried out was operational research with a quantitative and qualitative approach. The population and sample for this study were workers in 7 hospitals in 5 provinces who contributed more than 50% of the notifications of tuberculosis cases, totaling 700 respondents. Tuberculosis is an occupational health problem among hospital workers. Workers are a population at risk of being infected with TB but there is no official data regarding TB cases among workers in Indonesian hospitals. In order to reduce TB exposure in health care facilities, it is necessary to build an infection control system to ensure the health of the workforce and reduce TB transmission in hospitals. Existing policies do not clearly regulate occupational TB in hospital workers, legal sanctions, ongoing supervision by the hospital infection control prevention team, compensation and reporting of TB cases in hospital workers. Instrument for efforts to protect hospital workers from tuberculosis infection.

Abstract : Prosocial behavior is the behavior of helping and helping others voluntarily which is very much needed during the Covid-19 pandemic, but it is not easy to help in a pandemic situation like today considering the government's rules to reduce physical contact with other people. One side wants to help but on the other hand, there is also a sense of anxiety to help. One of the groups that have low prosocial behavior is college students, because students have high ego-centrism they find it difficult to help others. This study aims to determine the description of prosocial behavior in nursing students during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method. The sampling technique used is stratified random sampling with the number of respondents in this study as many as 271 nursing students at Universitas Padjadjaran. The instrument used is the Prosocial Tendencies Measure with a validity value ranging from 0.318 to 0.694 and a reliability value of 0.91. Analysis of the data used in univariate analysis. The results of this study indicate that most of the prosocial behavior of nursing students was moderate (59.0%), which means that the prosocial behavior of nursing students is still lacking or not optimal and needs to be improved. This study concludes that the prosocial behavior of nursing students during the Covid-19 pandemic is still not optimal. It is important to improve or at least maintain their prosocial behavior by paying attention and providing direction, counseling guidance to students to practice prosocial behavior, and applying more learning by using a role-play approach.

Abstract : Blunt force injuries is the most common type of violence in physical abuse. There were several cases of physical abuse due to blunt force where the victim who was traumatized by blunt force did not have any damage to the skin. Factors that affect the occurrence of trauma without a damage to the skin include the location of contact between the trauma and the body region, pressure (force), the time lag between the victim experiencing trauma and the time to see a doctor, the color of a person's skin, blood pressure, and the thickness of skin tissue. This can be an obstacle for doctors to find physical evidence due to trauma to be written into the medico-legal reports. Blunt trauma that occurs in a person's body will trigger pro-inflammatory mediators such as Interleukin 1-β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α). This study is an experimental study using animal models. The samples were divided into the control group and the group which the blood serum was taken 1 and 6 hours after being blunt traumatized. The results show there was no significant difference in IL-1β (p=0.161) and TNF-α (p=0.678) levels and there was a significant difference in IL-6 levels (p=0.004) between the control and intervention groups. There was a significant difference on IL-6 cytokine levels between the control group and the intervention groups. The results indicate that pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 has the potential to become new examination procedures in cases of trauma without damage to the skin.

Abstract : Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an increasingly prevalent chronic healthcare condition with a range of systemic complications. Vitamin D is an essential micronutrient that has been associated with the pathogenesis of type two diabetes, specifically in reducing insulin resistance and systematic inflammation. Understanding the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in type two diabetes patients can significantly help in comprehending the gaps in the T2DM management protocols and can improve the management guidelines for patients with type two diabetes. This review paper focuses on the study of the prevalence and management of Vitamin D deficiency in patients with type two diabetes mellitus. English-language literature from January 2015 onwards was searched for studies conducted in both male and female patients with type two diabetes and vitamin D deficiency using PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Web of knowledge the Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. High-quality interventional studies with complete data and significant results were selected for the review. A total of 16 studies were included in the review. The review showed that vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with T2DM worldwide and is directly associated with poor glycemic control. A considerable negative correlation between HbA1c and 25-hydroxyvitamin D was also observed (p < 0.001). However, an inconsistency in the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation for the management of T2DM was observed. Vitamin D may significantly contribute to the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes; however, high-quality observational studies that evaluate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and clinically significant glycemic measures are required to better specify vitamin D's involvement in the onset and progression of T2DM.

Abstract : This study investigates the effect of various diode laser wavelengths (450, 810, and 980 nm) on the ease and safety of orthodontic bracket removal, particularly focusing on the required force for debonding anxd the intrapulpal temperature change during laser application. A total of 72 noncarious premolars with bonded brackets were utilized. These were divided into four groups (18 specimens each): Group 0 (G0), debonding without laser; Group 1 (G1), using an 810 nm diode laser; Group 2 (G2), using a 980 nm laser; and Group 3 (G3), employing a 450 nm laser. A power setting of 3 W was applied for 5 seconds in a circular motion around the brackets. The study measured the shear bond strength (SBS) necessary for debonding and the intrapulpal temperature increase during irradiation, using statistical analysis with a significance threshold of p ≤ 0.05. The SBS in G0 was significantly higher than in the laser-treated groups (G1, G2, G3; p < 0.05). Among the laser groups, G3 showed significantly lower SBS compared to G1 and G2 (p < 0.05), while no notable difference was found between G1 and G2 (p = 0.084). Regarding intrapulpal temperature, G3 recorded a significantly lower increase than the other groups (p < 0.05), with no significant difference observed between G1 and G2 (p = 0.5735). The application of diode lasers, particularly the 450 nm wavelength, was correlated with reduced SBS and minimal intrapulpal temperature elevation, suggesting a potentially safer and more efficient method for orthodontic bracket removal.