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Abstract : In most CML patients, the break in chromosome 22 is restricted to an area of 5.8-kb termed M-bcr. M-bcr consists of five exons termed M-bcr exons b1-b5. These exons are actually located within the central region of the BCR gene and are equivalent to exons 12-16 (e12- e16) of this gene. Most breaks occur immediately downstream of exon 2 or 3 of the M-bcr region and result in b2a2 or b3a2 fusion transcripts. To study the Frequencies of BCR-ABL1 Fusion Transcripts among Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients. PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Science Direct were systematically searched for relevant literature. Rayyan QRCI was employed throughout this comprehensive process. The frequency of various BCR-ABL1 fusion transcripts was as follows: e19a2, e1a2, e1a2 + e13a3, e1a2 + e14a3, e13a3 and e14a3. CML patients with e1a2 transcripts had higher rates of disease progression, resistance, or suboptimal response to imatinib and failed to achieve major molecular response. There is also higher frequency b3a2 than b2a2 and e1a2 transcripts in CML patients in Northeast Iran. There is frequent BCR-ABL1 transcripts among the studied population of all the mentioned studies and there is a significant relationship between gender and frequency of various BCR-ABL1 fusion transcripts.

Abstract : The Fuzzy Delphi method has been widely used in numerous research disciplines to systematically collect expert input on a specific topic. It has also in recent years gained popularity in health-related research. This study aimed to apply Fuzzy Delphi Method in identifying elements for designing and developing an online immunization information system. Methodically, a list of items was collected from the literature review consists of elements and functions necessary in developing an immunization information system. A total number of 30 items were selected and categorized accordingly. The questionnaire was later sent to a group of experts in their respective fields with expertise in public health and immunization information systems. This study then employs the usage of Fuzzy Delphi Method in which was using Triangular Fuzzy Numbers and Defuzzification process in further data analysis. In the checklist evaluation, twelve experts were involved in evaluating 30 items. A 100% response rate was obtained from all the twelve experts. Post Fuzzy Delphi Method analysis, nine items (30%) did not fulfil all prerequisite during the analysis, therefore those items were discarded from the final draft. Application of Fuzzy Delphi Method are useful in obtaining expert opinion and consensus to decide on the item’s suitability to be included in the immunization records database. These accepted items can be further used in developing an online immunization information system.

Abstract : The main problem that often occurs after tooth extraction is bone damage. The alveolar bone will resorb by 40% to 60% after tooth extraction, making it difficult to rehabilitate dentures. Golden sea cucumber is rich in growth factors that have the potential to repair damaged cells after tooth extraction. The protein content of golden sea cucumber reaches up to 82%. This protein content is very important to function for bone remodeling so that alveolar bone preservation can be maintained. This study aims to analyze the content of collagen, chondroitin sulfate, and glucosamine content in golden sea cucumbers. The type of research used is an experimental laboratory by extracting sea cucumber and calculating yield results to obtain the percentage of collagen content and conducting analysis using the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system to obtain levels of chondroitin sulfate content and spectrophotometry to obtain glucosamine content levels. The content of collagen in Stichopus hermanii is 0.159%. The chondroitin sulfate content of 91.91 (mg/g) or equal to 9,191%, and the rate of glucosamine content in gold braids is 186 (mg/g) or 0.186%. Golden sea cucumber originating from the Selayar islands contains collagen, chondroitin sulfate, and glucosamine which can be used as preservation material for alveolar bones.

Abstract : Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecological cancers, typically presenting at advanced stages of the disease with abdominal and pelvic cavity involvement. The management of these patients is often very challenging, with low survival and high relapse rates. Cytoreductive surgery, chemotherapy, and target therapy play the leading roles in treating OC patients. This review paper investigated the historical, present, and possible future role of radiation therapy (RT) in managing OC patients. The studies published from January 2013 (with some representative historical studies) were reviewed using PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Web of knowledge, the Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. High-quality studies with complete data and statistically significant and representative results were selected for the review. In the review paper, the historical application of whole abdominal radiotherapy (WART) and radionuclide therapy using phosphorus-32 (32P) was outlined. These treatment modalities were excluded from clinical practice due to their high toxicity and poor therapeutic efficacy. To date, RT is considered a palliative option in selected patients with locally recurrent OC, especially when other available treatment modalities are expected to fail. Implementing new RT options with focal precise delivery of the therapy with minimal involvement of nearby organs (including SBRT and IMRT) involving radiosensitization and target therapy can lead to wider use of these treatment modalities in OC patients, possibly as a consolidating treatment option in patients with advanced OC.

Abstract : Burn infections pose a significant contribution to morbidity and mortality globally, particularly due to the emergence of multi-antibiotic-resistant strains, especially in developing nations. This study aims to ascertain the prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) strains of gram-negative bacilli among patients with burn infections at the Burns and Plastic Surgery section in Al-Mouwasat Hospital. A total of 49 swabs were collected from patients between November 2023 and February 2024, at Al-Mouwasat Hospital. The isolation and identification of species was done by conventional microbiologic techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. MDR strains were identified according to established international standards. All 49 samples contained Gram-negative bacteria. 10 samples (20.4%) exhibited the presence of two bacilli species, while the remaining (79.6%) contained a single one. Male samples were predominant (67.3%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequently isolated organism, accounting for (39%) of the samples, followed by Klebsiella (34%), Enterobacter (22%), and E. coli (5%). Notably, all isolated strains were MDR. All isolates were resistant to Aztreonam and Erythromycin. Two P. aeruginosa and three Klebsiella isolates exhibited resistance to all tested antibiotics. Our study highlights the prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-negative bacilli at the burn and plastic surgery unit of Al-Mouwasat Hospital. Therefore, emphasis should be placed on prevention and control strategies, as well as the judicious selection of antibiotics to mitigate the spread of MDR strains causing infections.