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Abstract : Junk foods have become widely popular in recent years and It's a popular cooking practice to repeatedly heat vegetable oils at high degrees during cooking. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of consumption of repeated heated oils (RHOs) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on genetic and metabolic changes in male rats. Mixed vegetable oil (MVO) (sunflower and soybean) was heated at 180°C, then left to cool at room temperature to obtain once-heated time oil (1-THO). The heating and cooling process of oils were repeated five and ten times to obtain (5-THO) and (10-THO) respectively. High AGEs diet was created by autoclaving the diets at 125∘C. One hundred male albino rats (Sprague –Dawley strain) weighing (120±10g) were divided into two parts and ten groups as follow; part 1 include G1; healthy control, G2; rats fed on fresh MVO, G3, G4 and G5; rats fed on diets contain 1-THO, 5-THO and 10-THO respectively. While part 2 includes: G1; healthy control group, G1\, G2\, G3\, G4\ and G5\ ; rats fed on autoclaved diets. These diets contain fresh corn oil, fresh MVO, 1-THO, 5-THO, and 10-THO respectively. The present results revealed that RHOs and AGEs caused disturbances in liver functions, lipids profile, glucose hemostasis. In addition, their consumption distributes the equilibrium between oxidative stress and antioxidant status, as well as between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory status. Therefore, they cause changes in cell metabolic biomarker, thyroid gland function test, relative gene expression of p53 in liver and thyroid gland, and neurotransmitters function tests. These results were confirmed by liver and thyroid gland microscopic examination. It could be concluded that the worst effect was shown in rat group consumed heated diet containing ten-time heated oil.

Abstract : Burn injury is one of the most common causes of hand contractures. In low and middle-income countries (LMICs), access to adequate burn management is often limited. This is a case report of neglected burn contractures that were released in Indonesia’s rural area, on a floating hospital. A 14 years-old girl presented with post-burn flexion contractures of her ring and little fingers’ proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint since she was 3 years old. She had never been treated and encountered functional and aesthetic problems. The contractures were released, covered with skin graft, and internal splints were inserted on a floating hospital. Aftercare were done in collaboration with local healthcare. Five months after the surgery wound has completely healed, and she has gained her hand function. In pediatric burn cases, volar contact burns are more common, where the palm and volar fingers are found more frequently to be injured. Early reconstruction was found more beneficial. In this case, the patient lives in Central Buton, a remote area in Indonesia that has no burn center nor surgical facility. We came on a floating hospital and surgery was done by a volunteer general surgeon. Contracture release surgeries in LMICs are often provided by volunteer surgeons and frequently debated because poor aftercare leads to poor long-term results. Providing follow-up after missions is important and local health workers should be trained. Digital contracture release surgery in an inaccessible area is feasible and should be continued with long-term follow-up for a great result.

Abstract : Energy drinks are cold caffeinated beverages commonly used by adolescents and young adults for increasing physical strength and mental alertness. The global market of EDs has grown dramatically, while the evidence and concern about the potential health risks are also increasing. This study explores the possible effect of two different energy drinks consumption on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Fifty adult male Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 120±5g divided into five groups, ten rats in each. Control group: healthy rats received distilled water only. RB-L and RB-H groups received Red Bull 5ml, 15ml/kg/day respectively, while ST-L and ST-H received Sting 5ml, 15ml/kg/day respectively for seven weeks. Our results concerning the effect of EDs on the oxidative stress biomarkers disclosed a significant decrease in SOD, GPX, CAT, and HO-1 in serum and brain tissue homogenate. Additionally, results showed a statistically significant reduction in Nrf-2 relative expression in all EDs-administrated groups. Stimulant neurotransmitters showed a significant increase in dopamine, noradrenaline, and acetylcholine in serum and brain tissue homogenate, which were consistent with findings of histopathological examination that showed severe degenerative changes and pyknosis of neural cells on the cerebral cortex and subiculum of the hippocampus, indicating the toxic effect of energy drinks on neurons of the brain. Both Sting and Red Bull consumption induced oxidative damage and neuroinflammation. Consumption of high dose of Sting showed the most dramatic effect.

Abstract : To study the presence of a relationship between the state of immunologic homeostasis and the effectiveness of blastocystosis therapy, the values of immunity indices were compared in 300 patients with blastocystosis in alternative groups: group A − with good therapeutic effect (n = 162) and group B − with satisfactory effect (n = 138). Group A included patients who had an overall clinical symptom regression rate of ≥33% after 1 month of treatment, and group B included patients who had an overall regression rate of ≤32%. When comparing the correlation structures of immunity indices in the groups, it was found that they differ significantly (by 90%) in their “portrait” properties (nature of correlation). In patients with a good therapeutic effect in comparison with the alternative group is characterized by a more pronounced antibodyalogenesis of all classes of antibodies (Ig M, Ig A, Ig G and IgE), which indicates their leading role in the formation of protective reactions in patients with blastocystosis. The established significant (90%) differences in the nature of relationships in the groups indicate that in patients depending on the effectiveness of their therapy, fundamentally different pathogenetic matrices of immune homeostasis are formed, which substantiates the possibility of using immune indicators as predictors.

Abstract : Bacteria are the biggest cause of infectious diseases in humans. One of these bacteria is derived from Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus can cause a variety of infections from mild to life- threatening. Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) is a Staphylococcus aureus bacterium that is still sensitive or not resistant to antibiotics. Colonization of MSSA is one of the causes of infection in Staphylococcus aureus. This study aims to analyze the risk factors for MSSA colonization in productive age in Guji Baru village, West Jakarta. This study is a crosssectional design with 30 subjects aged 20-40 years. Techniques for collecting data and knowing MSSA colonization using questionnaires and research in the laboratory. The data obtained were analyzed using the chi square test. The results showed that the prevalence of MSSA colonization was 33.3% and the risk factor for MSSA colonization was the habit of using towels alternately with other people (p=0.028; OR=1.125-31.989). This shows that the habit of using towels alternately with other people is a risk factor that affects MSSA colonization in productive age residents in Guji Baru village, West Jakarta.