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Abstract : The severely compromised socket prevents immediate implant placement and necessitates bone grafting as the first surgical procedure since implant placement within the remaining bone would result in a drastically off-axis implant placement. A comparative clinical study was conducted on a series of 18 patients with 30 alveolar ridge defects suffering from a horizontal bone defect that will result in the exposure of 2 to 3 mm of the implant threads after the implant placement in the anterior region of the maxilla. The patients were divided into three equal groups: The xenograft bone ring, EthOss® bone graft, and β-TCP bone graft. All of which were used to augment the alveolar ridge simultaneously with implant placement. The groups were assessed 6 months postoperative in terms of bone gain, marginal bone loss, and implant survival rate. All augmented alveolar ridges showed bone gain after 6 months of the surgery. Implants placed in alveolar ridge augmented with xenograft bone ring showed the most marginal bone loss. The implant survival rates were 100% in both the EthOss® bone graft group and the β-TCP bone graft group and 90 % in xenograft bone ring group. Bone ring augmentation technique could be an effective alternative option for the augmentation of the horizontally defected alveolar ridges. This technique could be a valid option for the restoration of alveolar bone defects in terms of bone gain, and implant survival rate.

Abstract : Bioactive alloplastic materials are a branch of bone grafts used in bone regeneration and augmentation. EthOss® bone graft and β-TCP are the most common alloplastic materials and are thoroughly researched. This study aimed to compare the biological performance of EthOss®, β-TCP, and spontaneous healing. Each grafting material was used to fill an 8 mm diameter artificial bone defect in the tibia bone of rabbits, a third bone defect in each rabbit where left empty to heal spontaneously. Ten New Zealand White rabbits were used. After a healing period of two months, a histological biopsy where taken to be analyzed under a light microscope. Defects grafted with (β-TCP/CS) showed greater newly formed bone compared to (β-TCP) and the control group. There were statistically significant differences between the three groups (p<0.05). Connective tissue was higher at sites that healed spontaneously (p<0.05) compared to sites treated with (β-TCP/CS) or (β-TCP). At sites that were filled with (β-TCP), the residual graft particles were greater compared to other sites (p<0.05). The artificial bone defects in rabbit tibia bone treated with the novel alloplastic bone graft (β-TCP/CS) displayed good bone growth and biocompatibility after a two-month healing period.

Abstract : Autogenous connective tissue graft (CTG) combined or not with Injectable Platelet-rich Fibrin (I-PRF) is a reliable techniques for peri-implant soft tissue augmentation. Harvesting the graft from the Maxillary Tuberosity allow a reduced harvesting duration and in principle less pain and morbidity. The aim of this study was to compare the palate or the tuberosity as a donor site on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The sample patients who benefited from CTG from the palate or the tuberosity with dental implants, from 2021 to 2023, were included. OHRQoL was evaluated postoperatively by OHIP-14 questionnaire. The present study was conducted on 33 patients with insufficient volume of peri-implant soft tissue. The sites were randomly assigned into four groups, Palatal CTG group (n = 10), Palatal CTG + I-PRF group (n = 10), Tuberosity CTG group (n = 10), Tuberosity CTG + I-PRF group (n = 10). The self-administered OHIP-14 was handed out to the patient's 3-days, 7-days, 2-weeks, 4-weeks, and 8-weeks post-surgery. The obtained data were statistically analyzed. The results indicated a significant difference among the groups at measurement periods after (3 days, 7 days, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks), with a significance level smaller than (0.05) in favor of the maxillary tuberosity group. However, no significant difference was found between the groups after 8 weeks (0.543). Within the limitations of this study, preforming the peri-implant augmentation procedure with a CTG harvested from the tuberosity (T-CTG) might be a viable alternative to the palatal site in terms of OHRQoL. The patient-reported outcome measures tended to favor T-CTG.

Abstract : the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of NaOCL, EDTA, and triacid-n on the cyclic fatigue of AF rotary files. The study used 40 new rotary files which were divided into 4 groups (n=10) including control, immersion in NaOCL 5.25%, immersion in EDTA17%, and immersion in triacid-n. The files were observed with a stereomicroscope and then immersed for 15 minutes in NaOCL and EDTA and for 5 minutes in triacid-n. A cyclic fatigue test was performed using a stainless-steel artificial canal with a curvature of 120 degrees and a radius of 5mm. The files were rotated with axial movement at 350 rpm until fracture occurred. The time to fracture was recorded and the number of cyclic fractures was calculated. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA; the result was a statistically significant difference p= 0.001. To determine where the difference lies, the Dunnett c test was used. Cyclic fatigue resistance was affected by the different solutions, with NaOCL having the highest resistance followed by Triacid-N and EDTA.

Abstract : N6-substituted adenines have received an increasing attention as inhibitors and modulators of many key biological targets and thus becoming widely used as building blocks in drug development projects. In fact, as all purines` cores, adenine derivatives suffer from a lack of regioselectivity which makes their regioselective synthesis a difficult mission. However, since the synthesis of 2-chloro-N-(9H-purin-6-yl) acetamide has not been reported before in spite of its role as a possible starting material for many drug candidates, this paper aims to study the effect of experimental parameters on the synthesis process and product purity of this compound. The monitoring was carried out by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) via total ion scan in addition to Single Ion Monitoring (SIM) which searches for a specific single ion mass in the chromatogram. The synthesis depends on the acylation of adenine with 2- chloro acetyl chloride. Three different conditions were applied. First, in a biphasic system (aniline acylation method). Second, in a dry solvent. Third, in acetate buffer solution (lidocaine synthesis method). As a result, lidocaine synthesis method did not succeed, while the detailed analysis of LC/MS/MS chromatograms indicates that the diamide 2-chloro-N-(9-(2-chloroacetyl)-9H-purin-6-yl) acetamide is detected as a possible byproduct impurity in the reaction product of the two other methods. In addition, both of adenine and 2- chloroacetylchloride were found as starting materials impurities.