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Abstract : Many methods have been explored to reduce the orthodontic treatment time by speeding up the rate of tooth movement. One of them was the low-intensity electrical stimulation (LIES). This preliminary report aimed to investigate the effects Of LIES on root resorption and periodontal status during the en-masse retraction of the upper anterior teeth. This single-group prospective pilot interventional study was conducted at the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, between April 2019 and January 2021. The sample consisted of ten adult patients (7 females, and 3 males; mean age 21.1 ± 2.59 years) with skeletal and dental class II div I malocclusion, and their camouflage treatment plane included extraction of the upper first premolars and en-masse retraction of the upper anterior teeth. The electrical stimulation was applied on the maxillary anterior region during the en-masse retraction phase using a specially fabricated removable device. Patients were asked to wear their own electrical devices inside their mouths for five hours daily. The studied outcomes were the external apical root resorption (EARR), and the periodontal status of the upper anterior teeth during the treatment stages. The proportion of teeth affected by EARR during the leveling and alignment phase was significantly greater than that during the en-masse retraction phase (47.6% and 30% respectively; P= 0.002). However, no significant differences between the two treatment stages were found regarding the mean amount of resorptions, except for the lateral incisors (P=0.43, P=0.42 for the right and left lateral incisors respectively). A slight increase was noted in the means of plaque, gingival, and papillary bleeding indices at the end of the en-masse retraction (T2) phase, which became 0.50, 0.28, and 0.20 respectively, compared to 0.27, 0.21, and 0.18 at baseline (P= 0.001, P= 0.123, and P= 0.103 respectively). Acceleration the en-masse retraction of the upper anterior teeth using low-intensity electrical stimulation according to the current protocol was associated with mild root resorption in almost one-third of the studied teeth, and a slight increase in the periodontal indices.

Abstract : This study aimed to evaluate the ability of negative pressure irrigation technique (NPI) compared to the positive pressure irrigation technique (PPI) in eradication of Enterococcus faecalis inside infected and minimally prepared root canals. 40 extracted premolars were decoronated, instrumented up to size #20 with a taper of 0.04 (minimal preparation), autoclaved and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis for 15 days, divided into two equal groups according to the irrigation method used: Group 1 (Experminteal, n=20): irrigation by NPI, and Group 2 (Control, n=20): irrigation by PPI. After irrigation, microbial samples were collected, transferred to nutrient agar and incubated for counting of bacterial colony forming units (CFUs) Data were analyzed using dependent and independent sample t-test. The results showed a significant decrease in the mean number of CFUs by both NPI and PPI methods (p=0.000), and the mean number of CFUs after irrigation with NPI was lower than PPI method (p=0.043). Both irrigation methods were effective in reducing the bacterial count, but NPI shows greater effectiveness in reducing the bacterial count in the minimally prepared root canals and infected with Enterococcus faecalis.

Abstract : Dental implant treatment is a favored option for many patients due to its comfort. However, challenges arise, especially when there's insufficient bone to support the implant. This is particularly problematic in the anterior region, where bone resorption can result in both cosmetic and functional impairments. In this study, 24 extracted tooth sockets were examined, categorized into two groups. The first group underwent natural healing, while the second was treated with Socket Seal Surgery using a collagen sponge saturated with bone morphogenic protein BMP-2. Radiographic assessments, detailing both the height and width of the bone, were conducted immediately after extraction and six months post-extraction. The findings revealed a notable difference in vertical bone alterations between the two techniques. Similarly, there was a significant variance in horizontal bone changes, with the BMP-2 group showing superiority. The study concludes that BMP-2 application offers superior outcomes, effectively minimizing post-extraction bone resorption. Consequently, the horizontal and vertical dimensional shifts became clinically insignificant.

Abstract : The aim of study was to evaluate the anti-bacterial effect of four protocols of irrigation solutions (group 1: distilled water, group 2: hypochlorite sodium NaOCl 5.25% + EDTA, group 3: MTAD, and group 4: NaOCl 1.3% + MTAD). The clinical study consists of 52 anterior teeth from 29 adolescent patients (10-16 years). The studied bacteria were: ichirichia colli, SPP and anaerobic bacteria. Group 3 and 4 showed the reduction of an account of ichirichia colli, SPP and anaerobic bacteria after immediate irrigation solutions with superiority of group 3. Group 3 showed the reduction of an account of SPP after 48 hours of irrigation solution. Group 2 showed reduction of SPP + anaerobic bacteria after immediate irrigation solution and reduction of SPP bacteria after 48 hours of irrigation solutions. The new endodontic irrigation solution MTAD examined in this study had good anti-bacterial effect on many bacteria.

Abstract : It was suggested that oral haloperidol may be effective in managing the manifestations of psychotic disorders, and severe behavioral problems in children with hyperactivity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate haloperidol in combination with midazolam sedative properties to reach the most optimal dental treatment for uncooperative children. This study was designed as a randomized clinical study based on evaluating the efficacy and safety of two sedative methods. The sedative methods efficacy and safety were evaluated using behavioral and vital signs assessments during pulpotomy on primary molars. 60 Healthy non-cooperative children, aged 3-6 years, were divided into two equal groups according to the sedative methods: Group 1 (experimental): oral sedation with haloperidol 0.4 mg/kg in combination with midazolam 0.5 mg/kg, and Group 2 (control): oral sedation with midazolam 0.5 mg/kg. The behavior of the children subjected to the combination sedation was better than children subjected to the sedation with midazolam according to the OSUBRS scale. The depth of sedation among children subjected to the combination sedation appeared to be higher than the depth of sedation among children subjected to the sedation with midazolam with a statistically significant difference, according to the UMSS scale. According to the Houpt scale, the results showed that the general behavior of children subjected to the combination sedation was better than children subjected to midazolam. The sedative effect of haloperidol in combination with midazolam combination was better than the single administration of midazolam.