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Abstract : The purpose of this study was histological evaluation of horizontal ridge augmentation using xenograft with and without autogenous bone. The present split mouth study was conducted on 19 patients with insufficient width of alveolar ridge. The sites were randomly assigned into two groups, xenograft alone + A-PRF+ + Ti-d-PTFE membrane (Xenograft group) (n = 21) and the combined xenograft and autogenous bone (70-30) + Ti-d-PTFE membrane (Mix group) (n = 21). Nine months after the guided bone regeneration procedures and at the time of insertion of implants, biopsy of new bone was taken and was analyzed histologically. The obtained data were statistically analyzed. Amount of new formed bone and soft tissue was not statistically different between two groups (P > .05). However, the difference between two groups in terms of residual biomaterial was statistically significant (P= 0.000). Based on the results of this study, xenograft can successfully be used for horizontal augmentation of edentulous ridge, and adding autogenous bone to the granules of xenografts in 70-30 ratio does not significantly increase the quality of regenerated bone.

Abstract : Diagnosis of oral mucosal lesions is an essential part of clinical practice. Oral lesions are relatively common, but doctors may find it difficult to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions. Proper patient management begins with establishing the correct diagnosis. Therefore, soft tissue biopsy is a crucial diagnostic tool at the histological level. Surgical excision can be performed either with conventional methods such as a scalpel blade and electrocautery, or with various types of lasers, including carbon dioxide lasers, ER: YAG lasers, Nd: YAG lasers, and diode lasers. This study aims to evaluate the microscopic histological changes in the surgical margins when using a 980 nm diode laser. Evaluate the extent of tissue damage caused by a 980 nm diode laser measured in microns, and evaluate each of the following: (pain after biopsy - hemostasis during and after surgery - duration of surgery - clinical healing) when using a 980 nm diode laser and a surgical scalpel. This study included 30 patients (12 males and 18 females) with an average age of 36.73 ± 12.13 who underwent excisional biopsy of the non-keratinized oral mucosa. The study sample was randomly distributed into two groups: (A) the surgical scalpel group, where the lesion was excised with a surgical scalpel, and (B) the laser group, where the lesion was excised with a 980 nm diode laser. The index of pain, bleeding, healing, and time taken for surgery, were evaluated in both groups, in addition to examining the variables caused by the laser biopsy histologically, and evaluating the excision quality between the two groups histologically, in addition to measuring the extent of tissue damage resulting from the thermal effect of the laser. The results showed that pain, bleeding, and the time taken for surgery were less in the diode laser group, but healing time was faster in the surgical scalpel group. While the histological study showed the presence of histological variables in all samples that were excised by laser, and the excision quality was worse in the laser than the surgical scalpel, the average extent of tissue damage in the epithelium tissue was 858.13 microns, while the average extent of tissue damage in the connective tissue was 707.13. Within the limits of this study, the use of a diode laser in excisional biopsies has many advantages over the surgical scalpel. Despite the thermal effect of laser on the tissue, which causes many histological variables; these changes do not hinder the histological reading and the final histological diagnosis.

Abstract : The skin is the largest organ in the body that provides protection to the body. UV radiation contributes about 80% to skin aging. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between the regular use of sunscreen with the severity of facial wrinkles, the amount of sebum, pigmentation and the size of pores. This study was an observational analytical study using a cross-sectional study design. Data processing and analysis will use the SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) program. Then, the collected data will be edited, coded, and tabulated. Next, a hypothesis test will be carried out to see the magnitude of the variable relationship using univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. There were 45 female respondents aged 35 – 45 years at RT 007 RW 11 Cawang Village. Skin examination using Skin Analyzer tool: Dermosmart Viso. The results of the study obtained there was significant relationship between the regular use of sunscreen with the severity of facial wrinkles, one way to prevent skin damage with the use of sunscreen. There was no significant relationship between routine use of sunscreen and sebum levels because the use and selection of sunscreen by respondents have not been good and correct. There was no significant relationship between the regular use of sunscreen and pigmentation due to genetic and hormonal factors. It is found that significantly related between regular use of sunscreen and pores because sunscreen can inhibit the skin from losing MAGP-1 so that the pores do not enlarge.

Abstract : The main goal of root canal treatment is to clean and disinfect the root canal system through elimination of bacteria and removal of necrotic tissue with mechanical instrumentation and irrigation. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial efficacy of sodium hypochlorite and chitosan oligosaccharide against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) in endodontic treatment with different instrumentation. Twenty-four single-root mandibular premolars were divided into four groups. Teeth were divided into four groups, namely A (sample irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA and prepared with F-One Blue), B (sample irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl and 2% Chitosan Oligosaccharide and prepared with F-One Blue), C (sample irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA and prepared with One-Curve), D (sample irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl and 2% Chitosan Oligosaccharide and prepared with One-Curve). Then, an examination of E. faecalis biofilm and residual dentin was carried out. The data obtained was subjected to a One-way ANOVA statistical test and continued with the LSD Post Hoc test. The results of the One-way ANOVA test showed that there was a significant difference in the growth of E. faecalis biofilm between the treatment groups. From the research results it was found that Groups B and D had a very good ability to reduce the mass of E. faecalis biofilm. Based on the scatter analysis, the group with root canal irrigation using 2.5% NaOCl and 2% COS and instrumentation with F-One Blue showed the best ability to eliminate E. faecalis and inhibit the formation of residual dentin.

Abstract : Klebsiella pneumoniae belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family and is described as a gram-negative, encapsulate, and non-motile bacterium. ESBLs can hydrolyze oxyimino cephalosporins rending third-generation cephalosporins ineffective against treatment. Due to this resistance, carbapenems became a treatment option for ESBL. Enterobacteriaceae acquire ESBL genes by mutation or horizontal transfer of plasmids, which results in oxyimino-cephalosporin resistance. The most common ESBL-encoding genes are blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV and blaOXA. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology of Santosh Medical College & Hospital, Ghaziabad in association with Govt. Medical College & super facility Hospital, Azamgarh. All clinical samples including pus, urine, sputum, blood and fluid etc. DNA was extracted from bacterial colonies using DNA extraction kits. The presence of three variants of ESBL (SHV). The DNA templates were extracted from the overnight cultures of ESBL-producing enterobacteria grown on the nutrient agar. Out of 256 K. pneumoniae isolates, distribution of ESBL screening positive K. pneumoniae isolates in various clinical samples are shown in the Graph 4. Among the isolates screened for ESBL production, 54.2% of urine sample and least were blood sample 13.6% of K. pneumoniae. Of the total 256 in K. pneumoniae, 39 (53.4%) isolates harbored blaCTX-M, 21 (28.7%) blaTEM, and 13 (17.8%) blaSHV. Patients predominantly contain blaCTX-M clusters, which could be the genesis, causing hasty changes in drug-resistance epidemiology. CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-15 are also commonly found among human pathogens suggesting a common clonal lineage and a potential ESBL dissemination source. These superbugs respond to fewer antibacterials, including colistin, piperacillin-tazobactam, carbapenems, and cefoperazone-sulbactam, which is alarming.