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Abstract : Bone tissue is a nanocomposite consisting of an organic and inorganic matrix in which the collagen component and the mineral phase are organized into complex and porous structures. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the most widely used ceramic biomaterial because it mimics the mineral composition of vertebrate bone. The osteoinductive property can be provided by combining HA with Mg ions. The research design was a systematic review that followed the PRISMA guidelines. This study searched for articles related to scaffolds containing chitosan and magnesium-doped hydroxyapatite, bone tissue regeneration from international databases including PubMed, Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics) and Scopus, and the Cochrane Library and Embase. To find more relevant articles, Google Scholar was also manually searched as well as the reference lists of articles included in the systematic review. The initial search of the reviewed databases resulted in 179 articles that were potentially relevant to the presented review. In this study, the total number of eligible articles retrieved was 96. 81 titles, abstracts, and full texts remained for further screening after removing duplicate records. Of these, 74 did not meet the inclusion criteria and were therefore excluded. Finally, 7 articles were selected for qualitative synthesis. The osteogenic induction property can be provided by combining HA with Mg ions. These studies may provide further insight into the ability to select and customize chitosan- and magnesium-doped hydroxyapatite-based composites for hard tissue engineering applications with bioactive properties.

Abstract : Generalized Pustular Psoriasis (GPP) is a rare autoinflammatory disease characterized by extensive neutrophilic pustular eruptions accompanied by potentially fatal systemic symptoms. To analyzed the clinical profile, therapeutic response, and management strategies of GPP with biological agents. A review of 27 GPP cases from 2020-2025 publications, evaluating demographics, laboratory/histopathological findings, severity assessment, and biologic therapy. The majority of patients were female (70%), aged 18-65 years, with a history of psoriasis vulgaris/GPP. Laboratory findings included leucocytosis, elevated CRP, hypoalbuminemia, thrombocytosis and anemia. Histopathology showed Kogoj spongiform pustules. Severity was assessed using GPPASI, PGA, and DLQI. Secukinumab was the most common biological agent (37%), followed by spesolimab, certolizumab pegol, and infliximab. Biologic therapy was also applied in pregnant patients with dose patterns and combinations tailored to individual responses. Biologic agents are effective in the management of GPP, emphasizing the importance of a personalized approach for optimal outcomes.

Abstract : Vitiligo is a chronic, multifactorial skin depigmentation disorder that often occurs in childhood. Although not fatal or contagious, vitiligo can have a significant impact on a child's psychological and quality of life aspects. In general, vitiligo lesions in children are the same as in adults, but there are some clinical variations. Genetic factors, autoimmune, oxidative stress, and nervous system disorders interact in a complex way and reinforce each other in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. The diagnosis of pediatric vitiligo is generally clinical, supported by Wood's lamp, dermatoscopy, and clinical scoring. Management of vitiligo in children includes topical, systemic therapy, phototherapy, and surgical therapy in certain cases. Combination therapy, especially if started early, gives the best results. However, there is no complete cure and long-term treatment is often needed. Individual therapy and attention to psychological aspects are very important in the management of pediatric vitiligo.

Abstract : Herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1) is double stranded enveloped deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus, they utilize cell metabolic mechanism for their replication. Herpetic gingivostomatitis is the primary presentation during the initial infection of HSV . Aphthous ulcer are the most popular oral mucosa lesion in the prevalent population. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is an analytic biochemistry assay to detect the discover a ligand in a sample of liquid using antibodies directed versus to the ligand to be measured. To show the prevalence of HSV-1 among patients with aphthous stomatitis and gingivostomatitis and correlate with gender, age in comparison with healthy control and to detect the HSV-1 antibody in saliva by (ELISA) assay. Ninety patients with HSV-1 with aphthous stomatitis and gingivostomatitis and sixty five control children were included in this study. Serum samples were taken from all participants (patients and control) and HSV-1 IgG and IgM Ab examined by ELISA assay. The results of our study showed that HSV-1infection in children affect both gender with a high prevalence in male more than female. In ELISA assay, the positive HSV-1 Ab was found high significant differences between patients and control groups among age groups. The HSV-1 IgG and IgM investigation by ELISA test allow a rapid and specific procedure for detection of HSV-1 previous infection. HSV-1 IgG and IgM Ab prevalence more in 5-6 years group. HSV-1 infection in children found to be associated with many factors such as stress, clinical symptoms revealed by the children, nutritional deficiencies and children’s educational status.

Abstract : Smile is something that everyone understands, regardless of culture, colour, or religion. Excessive gingival exposure when smiling is an esthetic concern for many people, an excessive exposure of the maxillary gingiva (>2 mm) produce a gummy smile. There are different etiologies of a gummy smile. Lip repositioning is surgical technique is a permanent treatment modality utilized to treat it by reducing lip elevation and increases lip fullness. It’s considered to be conservative, less aggressive and have fewer postoperative complications compared to orthognathic surgery. To evaluate the reliability, efficacy, perioperative complications of lip repositioning surgery in correction of excessive gingival display. This prospective clinical study included a series of 10 patients, presented to the oral and maxillofacial surgery clinic at the college of dentistry, Al-farahidi university, Baghdad- Iraq, they met the eligibility criteria and subjected to lip repositioning surgery, from September 2023 to May 2024, the ethics committee approved the experimental protocol of the study. The study variables include: patient’s satisfaction, perioperative complications, operation and recovery time, incisors exposure after surgery, lip restriction after surgery. Ten patients, 2 males (20%) and 8 females (80%) participated in this study, underwent lip repositioning surgery, aged (18-38) years old with mean± standard deviation as (27.10 ±6.40), (80%) were satisfied and (20%) were unsatisfied with the results, with a significant association between complications and satisfaction, the operation time ranged (30-65) minutes with mean± SD as (41.0±10.904) minutes. Findings showed that 8 surgeries (80%) without any complication, but there were one subjects had paresthesia (10%) and another one suffered from wound dehiscence (10%). To summarize, lip repositioning is a reliable relatively straighten forward technique for elimination of gummy smile, with a high level of patient satisfaction and a fairly quick recovery period, acceptable incisor exposure but a slight unpleasant lip restriction after surgery. Notably, lip repositioning, as observed, it is imperative to conduct further studies with larger sample sizes and long-term follow up to assess the outcomes.