Abstract : The rising rate of cesarean section represents a major challenge in contemporary obstetrics. Consequently, an increasing number of women enter subsequent pregnancies with a uterine scar and face decisions regarding the optimal mode of delivery. Vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC) has emerged as an important alternative to elective repeat cesarean delivery in appropriately selected patients. The aim of this review is to summarize current evidence regarding VBAC, with particular emphasis on epidemiology, assessment of the uterine scar, eligibility criteria, maternal and neonatal outcomes, and key aspects of clinical management. A narrative review of the literature was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The analysis primarily included studies published within the last five years to reflect current evidence and clinical practice. Earlier landmark publications and international guidelines were included when relevant. Recommendations issued by the World Health Organization, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics were also reviewed. Available evidence suggests that VBAC is a safe and effective option in carefully selected women, with reported success rates of approximately 70–80%. When appropriate eligibility criteria are applied and adequate intrapartum monitoring is ensured, the risk of uterine rupture remains low. VBAC represents an important strategy for reducing repeat cesarean deliveries and their associated complications. Individualized assessment, informed patient counseling, and adherence to evidence-based guidelines are essential to achieve optimal maternal and neonatal outcomes.