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Abstract : The present study aimed to compare Soxhlet and maceration extraction methods on polyphenols and flavonoid contents, and evaluate antioxidant capacities. Polyphenols and flavonoid contents were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric assay methods. The antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH, FRAP, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays. Using the Soxhlet method, ethanol extract displayed the highest content of polyphenols (52.67 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoids (68.17 mg QE/g DW). With the maceration method, methanol extract exhibited the highest polyphenols content (38.67 mg GAE/g DW), and ethanol extract had the highest flavonoid content (146 mg QE/g DW). Concerning the antioxidant activities, Soxhlet-methanol extract was the most efficient in the FRAP test (1.03 mg/ml). While the DPPH test showed the highest efficiency with Soxhlet-ethanol extract (0.37 mg/ml). Moreover, ethanol's total antioxidant capacity under Soxhlet was highest (408.3 mg AAE/g DW). These findings indicated that Lavandula stoechas exhibits significant promise as a potential source of antioxidants among natural plant resources.

Abstract : Public perception of COVID-19 vaccination is pivotal for the success of the vaccination program as it influences individual decisions and community health outcomes. By utilizing the Health Belief Model (HBM), this comprehensive study examined perceptions among a diverse sample of 92 respondents, aged 17 to 65 in Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province in 2022. This study was carried out using a cross-sectional design. The data was collected by administering questionnaire assessing respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics and five dimensions of perceptions of COVID-19 vaccination, including perceptions of vulnerability, severity, benefits, barriers, and perceptions based on cues to action. Findings revealed predominantly positive perceptions concerning vulnerability to COVID-19 (69.6%), severity of the disease (77.2%), and benefits of vaccination (66.3%). However, negative perceptions were observed regarding barriers to vaccination (51.1%), indicating potential challenges in uptake. Notably, a significant majority (81.5%) expressed willingness to undergo vaccination, signaling a positive inclination towards immunization efforts. These perceptions were found to significantly influence vaccination acceptance rates in the regency, with perceived barriers emerging as a key factor hindering uptake. Understanding and addressing these perceptions are essential for the development and implementation of effective vaccination strategies and public health interventions aimed at combating COVID-19 in the region.

Abstract : Dengue fever remains a significant public health problem in Tomohon City. This study aims to identify factors that contribute to the increase of DHF cases in this area. The research method used was observational analytic with cross sectional design with accidental sampling technique with a total of 93 respondents and was a case study in Tomohon City. The results showed that knowledge, attitude, education and support from health workers were the main factors contributing to the increase in DHF cases in Tomohon City. The findings provide important implications for the development of more effective dengue prevention and control strategies.

Abstract : Infections associated with Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a cause of substantial morbidity and mortality in Intensive Care Units of Tertiary Care centers. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to evaluate the prevalence and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern to overcome the associated challenges in healthcare settings. It is a retrospective observational study carried out at 3 ICUs of Medicine and Surgery departments. Data consists of demographic details and the results of culture and sensitivity of the clinical specimens of patients admitted in the ICU that were sent to the Department of Microbiology, Central lab during the period of October 2024 – March 2024. The data was retrieved from hospital documentation and was analyzed using SPSS 26 software system. Statistics were applied to find percentages and frequencies. During the study period, a total of 350 samples were received from the patients admitted in the ICU and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in 33 (9.42%) samples out of which the prevalence of Multi Drug Resistant strains was 17 (51.5%). The overall Prevalence of MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in ICU was found to be 4.85%. The mean age of our study population was 55.28±17.05 years. The rate of isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates was more in urine samples i.e., 17 (52%). Aztreonam and Colistin showed highest sensitivity i.e., 96.9%, and least resistance was seen to Piperacillin tazobactam i.e., 21.2%. Piperacillin-Tazobactam, which is the first line drug, can still be used for treating Pseudomonas infections in the ICU patients. Increasing resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates is an alarming sign. Therefore, emphasis should be given to early and rapid detection, strict antibiotic policy and continuous monitoring of the drug-resistant strains. Aztreonam and Colistin can be reserved for the infections showing resistance to both Piperacillin-tazobactam and Carbapenems.

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