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Abstract : Despite the apparent advantages, laparoscopic surgery and carbon dioxide (CO2) affect numerous organs and systems of the body, including the brain, lungs, kidneys, and liver. During laparoscopic surgery, the diaphragm is displaced caudally by 2-3 cm due to the presence of pneumoperitoneum, resulting in a reduction in lung volume. The aime of this study was to investigate the histological changes in the cruses of diaphragm in cases of obstructive jaundice in combination with pneumoperitoneum. In order to achieve the objective of this study, a total of 60 healthy, mature rats, all of which were six months of age, were divided into four separate experimental groups. The induction of obstructive jaundice was modelled by means of ligation of the common bile duct, while pneumoperitoneum was created using an insufflator connected to a carbon dioxide cylinder through a Veresch needle. Histological material was then stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The presence of circulatory disorders in the microcirculatory system and medium-sized vessels was detected under the influence of bilirubin intoxication. Morphological signs of endothelial dysfunction were observed, and small lymphocytic infiltrates were also detected in the endomysium and perimysium. On longitudinal sections, transverse striation was often weakly expressed or not visualised, and there were foci of sarcoplasmic disintegration and fragmentation of the fibres themselves. Under the influence of intra-abdominal pressure, the morphological picture deteriorated. The presence of areas of dystrophic and degenerative changes in muscle fibres, manifesting as sarcoplasmic homogenisation and eosinophilia, was observed. Intermuscular spaces were characterised by increased cellular infiltration. Upon longitudinal sections, fibres of varying diameters exhibited uneven staining and disarrayed myofibrils, while transverse striations were also uneven and poorly expressed. Foci of sarcoplasmic disintegration and fibre fragmentation were identified. Polymorphonuclear cell infiltrates were detected in the endomysium and perimysium, in which lymphocytes and macrophages predominated. Stromal oedema increased, resulting in the loss of compactness of the muscle layer. Based on the histological data obtained, it was stated that obstructive jaundice leads to structural changes in the diaphragm and that the injury caused by pneumoperitoneum depends on the duration of intra-abdominal pressure.

Abstract :

A novel multi-story prefabricated shear wall structure was investigated, in which reinforcement anchor rings or steel wire rope sleeve was used for the vertical joint connection, while the vertical rebar was connected by noncontact lapping using a single row of larger diameter rebar. To investigate the feasibility and the seismic behavior of the wall, quasi-static experiments were conducted on a total of eight prefabricated shear wall specimens and one cast-in-situ shear wall, and the failure mode, full-range behavior and influence pattern of key parameters were analyzed. The results show that all specimens exhibit the expected failure mode, demonstrating satisfactory overall integrity. The measured flexural bearing capacity of I-shaped and H-shaped compression bending failure specimens and shear bearing capacity of I-shaped shear failure specimens were 1.23-1.25, 1.01-1.07 and 1.69-1.81 times of the calculated value achieved from JGJ 3—2010 using formulas for cast-in-situ shear walls, respectively. The ultimate displacement angles of the compression bending failure and shear failure specimens were 1/53-1/34 and 1/62-1/61 respectively. The noncontact lapping connection for horizontal joints achieves satisfactory bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity. The vertical joint demonstrates sufficient shear resistance, with limits weakening of the horizontal bearing capacity of the specimen after a small amount of slip occurs. For the vertical joint, considering the dowel action, the use of reinforcement anchor rings is recommended.

Abstract : Obesity is a growing global health concern characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, which contributes to the development of various metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers. This literature review explores the potential role of Diadema setosum gonads in preventing and managing obesity through their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The gonads of Diadema setosum are rich in bioactive compounds such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), flavonoids, saponins, carotenoids, and essential amino acids, all of which contribute to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and metabolic-regulating effects. Evidence from animal models suggests that these gonads can reduce body weight, improve lipid metabolism, and mitigate obesity-related complications, such as insulin resistance and fatty liver disease. Despite promising findings, further research, particularly human clinical trials, is needed to validate the efficacy and safety of Diadema setosum gonads as a functional food or nutraceutical for obesity prevention. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of marine-derived bioactive compounds in combating obesity and calls for future studies to better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms and optimal applications.

Abstract : Anthocyanins, natural flavonoid compounds abundantly found in Roselle flowers (Hibiscus sabdariffa), are known for their potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. This study aimed to explore the potential of anthocyanins as therapeutic agents by investigating their molecular interactions with key proteins implicated in inflammation, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1β), and caspase-1. Molecular docking simulations were performed using AutoDock and AutoDock Vina, with target protein structures retrieved from the Protein Data Bank (PDB IDs: 6F6R, 5IKT, 8C3U, and 6ZFL). The docking protocol was validated through re-docking of original ligands, achieving Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) values ≤2 Å. Anthocyanins demonstrated significant binding affinities, with binding energies ranging from -4.85 to -7.59 kcal/mol, and established interactions with key amino acid residues of the target proteins. In addition to docking, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) predictions were conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of anthocyanins, revealing favorable absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and low toxicity profiles. These findings highlight the potential of anthocyanins as bioactive compounds with therapeutic efficacy against chronic inflammation. The integration of molecular docking and ADMET analysis underscores their viability for further development as natural anti-inflammatory agents, paving the way for subsequent in vitro and in vivo validations.

Abstract : Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocols have revolutionized preoperative care, emphasizing interdisciplinary approaches to optimize patient outcomes. Despite growing implementation, significant variations persist in protocol effectiveness and adoption across surgical specialties. To systematically evaluate the implementation, barriers, and outcomes of ERAS protocols across multiple surgical disciplines, with a focus on identifying key strategies for successful multidisciplinary implementation. Study Design: Comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis, with Data Sources from Multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library). The Inclusion Criteria include Peer-reviewed studies on ERAS protocols from 2010-2024. And the Analysis method includes Mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative assessment. Key Components of Analysis include; Barriers to ERAS implementation, Multidisciplinary team effectiveness, Patient outcome comparisons, and Implementation strategies. The Total studies reviewed were 247 studies. With Surgical specialties covered include; Colorectal, Orthopedic, Urological, and Gynecological. Standardized Data Extraction includes; Quality assessment using modified GRADE methodology. And the Statistical Analysis includes: Descriptive statistics, Subgroup analyses, and Heterogeneity assessment. Significant variability in ERAS protocol implementation, Multidisciplinary approaches show improved: Patient recovery times, Complication rates, and Patient satisfaction. The ongoing evolution of ERAS protocols represents a critical advancement in surgical care. By embracing a holistic, interdisciplinary approach, these protocols promise to transform patient experiences, reduce surgical complications, and optimize recovery processes. This study seeks to contribute to this ongoing scientific dialogue by providing a comprehensive analysis of ERAS implementation strategies.