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Abstract : Imidazole drugs are extensively used in the treatment of various fungal infections. Its derivatives have many biological activities. Synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of a novel derivative of imidazole has been studied. Ligand of 4-((4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole-2-yl) diazenyl) benzoic acid was prepared by reaction of 4,5-diphenyl imidazole with the diazonium dye. Its physical and chemical characteristics have been identified. An antimicrobial action was performed against bacteria and fungi using a disk diffusion method. The sold red ligand (C22H16N4O2) has a melting point of 210°C, a 425 nm UV spectrum and variable IR spectra. The ligand showed good antibacterial effect without antifungal activity. Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible to the ligand than Gram-negative bacteria. The fungus Candida utilis was the only fungal species showing susceptibility to the ligand in MIC 7 mg/ml. The novel synthesized 4-((4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole-2-yl) diazenyl) benzoic acid has broad-spectrum antibacterial activities with less antifungal action. Gram-positive bacteria are most susceptible to the prepared imidazole derivative. The ligand may be considered a novel antibacterial agent and needs further pharmaceutical studies to confirm its ability to use for humans.

Abstract : The urgent need to use social media not limited by time and place has become unstoppable among teenagers in rural areas. Wise management in social media can prevent adolescents from being trapped in maladaptive behavior to trigger dependency conditions. Initial studies on adolescents' use of social media in rural areas are essential to avoid the misuse of social media. This study aims to analyze adolescents' use of social media in rural areas. The involvement of 198 adolescents in the study came from six junior high schools located in rural areas. The study was found in six schools in the rural area of South Sumatra province and used a cross-sectional method. The determination sample was based on a purposive sampling technique according to the research sample criteria; each school was represented by 33 students who were determined using a simple random method, and data was collected by distributing questionnaires. Based on the analysis results, it is known that most participants use social media at night for 3-6 hours and the purpose of its use is to obtain information. WhatsApp was the most preferred by participants, and the duration of accessing social media among females was longer than males. It can be concluded that adolescents' use of social media must be appropriately managed with alternative approaches to prevent and deal with adolescent problems by collaborating with teachers, parents, and students. The use of social media must be adequately addressed through the formation of peer groups to create more discipline and responsible adolescence.

Abstract : Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the proliferation of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. According to the preliminary data, this pathology affects approximately 10% of women of reproductive age. Surgical interventions currently used for endometriosis are associated with moderate efficacy and operational risks, and therefore the implementation of patients' reproductive plans should be approached optimally. Hence, the long-term use of medications before and after the surgery for any form of endometriosis is becoming crucial, but still performing poorly in terms of preventing disease relapses. Low efficiency of surgical and conservative treatment may be the result of an incomplete understanding of the disease pathogenesis while developing therapeutic strategies. Numerous factors play a significant role in endometriosis progression: invasion of ectopic endometrial tissue, unbalanced cell proliferation, induction of angiogenesis and resistance to apoptosis, as well as oxidative stress induction, hormonal desynchronization, and the influence of tumor-stimulating genes and proteins. Thus, the problem of the therapy efficacy for reducing the risk of endometriosis relapses remains an unresolved and relevant issue. In this regard, the goal of this study is to analyze newly patented methods of endometriosis treatment, reflecting modern research in the field of the pathogenesis of the disease. It has been shown that along with traditional methods of hormone therapy, represented by progestins, combined oral contraceptives, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, aromatase inhibitors, selective modulators of estrogen and progesterone receptors, high treatment efficiency can be provided with drugs that affect cell proliferation, inflammation development, ensuring of the antioxidant status and an adhesion and invasion ability of endometrial cells.

Abstract : Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is the backflow of gastric and or duodenal fluid into the larynx, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi. The prevalence of LPR is difficult to determine due to the limited gold standard and the large variety of LPR symptoms. Damage can occur due to the decrease in pH value and also because of exposure to harmful enzymes in reflux, including pepsin, bile acid, and trypsin. This study is an analytic observational study with a case-control design. The study was conducted in the ORL-HNS Department of Dr. M. Djamil Hospital, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The total sample size was 44 people. We enrolled 22 healthy subjects as the control group and 22 patients suspected of having LPR. LPR patients are more common in women than in men, with 12 women and 10 men. Pepsin levels in saliva in the LPR group were higher than those in the non-LPR group. For pepsin, the LPR group had a mean of 20.11±9.76 ng/mL and a healthy control with mean of 15.77 ±7.65 ng/mL. Trypsin levels in saliva in the LPR were 103.15±47.69 µg/mL, In the healthy group, the mean was 82.99 ±39.62 µg/mL. For Bile acid in the LPR group, in LPR, the mean of pepsin is 25.08±7.67µM, meanwhile in healthy group, the mean was 18.99±8.26 µM. There is statistically significant in the incidence of LPR with the bile acids (p = 0.015) based on ANOVA and Logistic regression test. Our study confirmed that bile acids in saliva play a major role in diagnosing LPR.

Abstract : The current study aims to determine the main cause of severe respiratory infections (SARI) for Iraqi patients hospitalized in Baghdad hospitals. A total of (249) people who had diagnosis case of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and a high temperature. Nasophrangial swab samples were collected from each participant by specific swabs from Sigma Virocult Company in the UK with viral transport medium according to Bradford and Slavin (1940), and stored frozen at -70°C until used for RNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction to detect human influenza and SARS-CoV-2 among others. All samples were tested in the Central Public Health Laboratory (CPHL) at National Influenza Center (NIC), during the period of study. For total SARI patients in current study, When Out of 249 investigated records of patients, 13 (5.2%; 95% CI: 2.4 – 8.0) found to had a positve influnza A (H3N2) results. Wherase, 65 (26.1%; 95% CI: 20.9 – 31.7) found to had a positve positve PCR result. On the other hand, zero perecent out of 249 investigated templates identifed to have a influnza B positive results. Through the current study, we conclude that most cases of severe respiratory infection in Iraq are cause by COVID-19.