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Abstract : Infection in burn wounds is a major issue globally and more so in developing countries leading to post-operative illness, infection of burn wounds is one of the most common cause of mortality in burn patients and accounts for significant number of nosocomial infections. The bacteriological profile can change over a time period in the individual patient. Thus, there is a need for periodic surveillance of anti-biogram of bacteria, hence the present study was conducted. This was a retrospective study conducted in department of Microbiology at a tertiary care hospital in North Karnataka region. Burn wound cultures and anti-biogram was done at the time of admission. Under strict aseptic conditions samples were collected from burn wounds and were sent immediately to microbiology laboratory for inoculation on agar plates. Blood and McConkey agar were used for cultures. The isolated organisms were identified based on their microscopy, colony morphology, biochemical reaction and cultural characteristics per the standard procedures. Among the 217 burn wounds, a total of 239 bacteria were isolated. 194 cases had monomicrobial infection and 23 cases of infection were polymicrobial, only two cases of polymicrobial infections had fungal infection. The most common bacteria isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (36.8%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (29.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (24.6%). Highest resistance to Staphylococcus aureus was seen with Ampicillin (69%), Amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (59.1%), Gentamicin (59.1%) and Ciprofloxacin (59.1%). Staphylococcus aureus was 100% sensitive to Vancomycin and Linezolid. Highest resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa was seen with Ciprofloxacin (67.4%), Levofloxacin (60.2%), Gentamicin (53.4%) and Amikacin (48.8%). No antibiotic was 100% sensitive to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Highest resistance to Klebsiella pneumoniae was seen with Ampicillin (69.4%), Amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (44%) and Levofloxacin (40.6%). No resistance (100% sensitivity) was seen with Piperacillin-Tazobactam and Imipenem. To prevent emergence of multidrug resistant organism in burn wound patients, periodic anti-biogram studies are essential to know the changing susceptibility pattern of micro-organisms and empirical therapy should be initiated findings of the susceptibility studies.

Abstract : Increasing the number of smartphone users in school-aged children improve the risk of addiction. Children with low self-efficacy tend to use a smartphone as a coping mechanism to create a safe feeling when confronted with an uncomfortable situation or pressure. This study aims to examine the impact of health education and therapeutic group therapy on smartphone addiction and self-efficacy and to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy and smartphone addiction in school-aged children. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a control group. A total of 69 school-aged children were included aged 9-12 years old (10.65 ± 0.785). The respondent was selected with purposive sampling. Intervention group 1 was given health education and therapeutic group therapy, and intervention group 2 was only given health education. Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) and Self Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (SEQ-C) were used to measure addiction and self-efficacy. Data were analyzed by using univariate and bivariate. There was a relationship between self-efficacy and smartphone addiction. The decrease in smartphone addiction was higher in intervention group 1, which was given health education and therapeutic group therapy (Mean diff 1.13; 95% CI; 0.052- 2.217). Self-efficacy was also higher in this group (Mean diff 4.46; 95% CI; 6.558- 2.377). Thus, therapeutic group therapy has a significant impact on smartphone addiction and self-efficacy in school-aged children (p-value < 0.05). Self-efficacy prevents children from smartphone addiction. Health education, combined with therapeutic group therapy, is recommended as an effective nursing intervention to prevent smartphone addiction in school children.

Abstract : Since the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan the world pay attention on radiation and a lot of studies have been carried out and many research centers were established around the world to investigate the radiation consequences on living creatures, particularly on human. The goal of the current work is to inspect the outcome of the concentration of the dose and its range that causes many cancer types such as leukemia and solid cancer, at what range of the dose it will be fuzzy, and unknown. Most of previous studies shows that there are certain limits in which the radiation considered that has no biological effect on the human being (No risk), while the data that came from epidemiology investigation contains different related factors that has relation with diagnosis such as environmental exposure, genetic, style of life, accuracy of diagnosis and sociodemographics, etc.). There are interesting reports concerning the alert of low dose and its risk that come out due to exposure to medical radiation, that must be taking care of which eventually have another effect on the human health rather than cancer, particularly cataract risk, the cardiovascular and hear diseases, at doses under 1Sv. It was found that even at low risk dose of radiation, there are another biological effect of radiation on human health such as cataract and cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract : Anatomy is the foundation stone of medical education. The COVID 19 pandemic imposed unexpected disruption to Anatomy education with most universities moving regular onsite classes to the online session. The purpose of this study was to identify the perceptions of Ayurveda medical students regarding virtual or online Anatomy learning. The study was conducted on 69 second-year Ayurveda medical students using a self-administrated questionnaire. The majority of the students (92.8%) did not have prior experience in online learning (OL) before the COVID 19 pandemic. Regarding the learning activities preferred by students prior to the COVID 19, 73.9% of students preferred the live lectures from the academic staff. It was evident that 92.8% of students believed that zoom cloud meeting is the most effective method of Anatomy in the OL platform. In order to improve their Anatomy dissection knowledge, 50.7% of students were suggested to show live Gross Anatomy dissection. The OL is more successful than onsite learning for the theory of Anatomy. Access to online materials (86.9%), learning from their own places (92.7%), the ability to stay at home (95.6%), interactivity of the class (56.5%), and the ability to record a meeting (88.4%) are the key advantages of OL. Reduced Interaction with the teacher (78.2%), technical issues (92.7%), lack of interactions with their colleagues (82.6%), poor learning conditions at home (71%), and social isolation (81.1%) are the main disadvantages that they must face in their online learning process. In the era of smartphones and the internet, it was indicated that the Ayurveda medical students prefer to be engaged in the hybrid system which includes online Anatomy lectures with onsite Anatomy practicals.

Abstract : Overweight and obesity are medical conditions in which excess body fat, or adipose tissue, accumulates in the body to the extent that this fat accumulation can affect health, potentially reducing life expectancy. An individual can be defined as overweight if their BMI is 25-30 kg/m2, and obese if their BMI exceeds 30 kg/m2. However, the distribution of body fat especially in the mid-abdominal area has also been used to diagnose a patient as obese and currently waist circumference is believed to be a more accurate marker of obesity. Aerobic exercise is indispensable in the management of obesity, not just weight and fat loss, weight maintenance and fat reduction, and physical fitness in obesity. To find out whether aerobic exercise has an effect on changes in abdominal fat, arm fat and abdominal circumference of overweight and obese students. This study is a quasi-experimental study with pre and post test one group design with two measurements, before treatment after treatment. A total of 40 samples were recruited to participate in this study with predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Aerobic exercise was given 2 times a week for 6 weeks. Belly fat and arm fat with a skinfold caliper and body composition monitor and belly circumference with a roll meter. Abdominal fat, arm fat and abdominal circumference decreased after giving aerobic exercise. Aerobic exercise is effective in reducing belly fat, arm fat and abdominal circumference of overweight and obese students.