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Abstract : The aim of the present study was to evaluate the push-out bond strength of Rebilda bundle fiber posts cemented using different luting cements. Roots of thirty single-rooted mandibular first premolars were used in the present study. The root canals were instrumented using Protaper files and obturated with size X3 guttpercha. A space for the post was created by removing the gutta-percha from the coronal and middle thirds of each root using peeso reamers leaving 5mm apically to maintain apical seal. The roots were randomly divided into three groups (10 each). Ten roots were filled by Rebilda bundle fiber posts cemented according to the manufacturer instructions using Rebilda DC kit. Ten roots were filled by Rebilda bundle fiber posts cemented with self-adhesive resin cement. Ten roots were filled by Rebilda bundle fiber posts cemented with resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (GIC). Each root was cut into three 2mm-thick slices (cervical, middle and apical) and 30 specimens were prepared for each group. The slices were marked and labelled to ensure that the load is applied apico-cervically. Universal testing machine was used to measure the push-out bond strength. The push-out bond strength of the posts at the cervical root slices was significantly higher than the push-out bond strength of the posts at the middle and apical root slices. For the cervical and middle root slices, there were no significant differences between bond strength values of the posts cemented using Rebilda DC kits and the posts cemented using self-adhesive resin cement. The use of resin-modified GIC for posts cementation produced the lowest push-out bond in comparison with the other luting agents. It might be possible to recommend the cementation of bundle fiber posts using self-adhesive resin cements (with-out adhesive bonding agent) or resin-modified GIC.

Abstract : Herbal extracts exhibited a worth noticed antimicrobial activity against wide range of microorganisms. Apparent worldwide interest in the production of high value phytochemicals, this new approach of using natural remedies termed phytotherapy or ethnopharmacology. Root canal treatment protocols require the application of effective intracanal medicaments especially in cases with infected or previously treated canals in order to eradicate resistant microorganisms and maximize the success rate of the treatment. Nasturtium officinale is a plant with documented beneficial properties. Many studies investigated its antimicrobial properties and the results were positive. The aim of the study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of the alcoholic extract of Nasturtium officinale (watercress) alone and in combination with calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis as intracanal medication. Enterococcus faecalis is widely recovered from infected canals and regarded the most commonly isolated bacterial species from failed treated cases. The sensitivity of this bacteria to different concentrations of alcoholic extract of Nasturtium officinale was determined by using agar well diffusion method in comparison to calcium hydroxide paste. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the tested extract against the isolated bacteria was obtained by agar plate method. Another experiment involving testing the combination of the extract with calcium hydroxide was evaluated and compared to calcium hydroxide paste with iodoform. The results of the study were promising and the extract exhibited an antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis by formation of growth inhibition zones. The highest concentration tested (20 mg/ml) demonstrated the largest diameter of inhibition zones in Muller Hinton Agar plates. The studied combination with calcium hydroxide revealed a positive reaction. In conclusion, alcoholic extract of Nasturtium officinale proved to have effective antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis and the combination led to enhancement of the antibacterial activity of calcium hydroxide.

Abstract : Reconstruction of alveolar defects after tooth loss is one of the biggest challenges in implant dentistry, to augment bone defects grafts of various origins have been used, the mode of graft integration depends primarily on its origin and composition. Among graft material used is the autogenous bone, which considered the gold standard for augmentation due its osteoinductive, osteogenic, osteoconductive with significant regenerative capacity over all other grafts. Intraoral sources of autogenous bone are considered the preferred donor site, due to proximity of donor and recipient sites, convenient surgical access, low morbidity, and elimination of a hospital stay. Severe alveolar defects necessitate using sufficient quantity of structurally resistant bone block for reconstructions, cortico-cancellous bone block grafts suitable for two- or three- dimensional reconstruction of these defects can be harvested only from mandibular symphysis and retromolar area. Radiographic evaluation of the outcomes of horizontal defect reconstruction with autogenous bone block harvested from retromolar area in terms of amount of horizontal bone gain and graft density four months postoperatively. This study included 10 patients for reconstruction of horizontal ridge defect using autogenous bone block harvested from retromolar region, the patients were treated at the oral and maxillofacial surgery unit of Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital and private clinic during the period from January 2020 to October 2021, the age of patients ranged from 20 to 53 years old, all patients were medically fit to undergo a bone grafting procedure. Cone Beam Computed Tomography was used for assessment of bone density and horizontal bone width pre-operatively and 10 days, 4 months post-operatively. Post-operative complications were assessed and recorded during the follow-up period. In this study, the females’ percentage was higher than males (70% versus 30%). The mean of the pre-operative width of alveolar defect was (2.54 ± 0.42) mm, after 4 months the mean of bone width gain was (4.480 ± 0.823) mm. The density of the pre-augmentation site measured with a mean of (784.8 ± 183.8) HU, then after 4 months of bone grafting procedure the density of grafted area also measured, the mean was (666.8 ± 106.4) HU. All patients developed swelling post-operatively and resolved gradually, 90% of patients complained of pain during the first week postoperatively, while only (10%) suffered from sensory disturbance for 2 weeks after the operation. Mandibular ramal bone block used according to the split block technique is a predictable method for augmentation of sever horizontal defects, autogenous bone grafts remain the gold standard of grafting materials, Cone Beam Computed Tomography is recommended, as these scans provide precise information about the thickness of bone and position of inferior alveolar nerve, the use of piezo surgery unit led to precise and clean harvest graft with minimal wastage of bone, and the overall morbidity of mandibular block for ridge augmentation is minimal.