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Abstract : Primary tuberculosis of the cervix is a very rare case and its prevalence is only about 0.1-0.65 % of all tuberculosis cases. Lesions in cervical tuberculosis can resemble lesions in cervical carcinoma with similar complaints such as foul-smelling vaginal discharge, abnormal bleeding, and symptoms of malaise. However, the diagnosis can be made by isolating the acid-fast bacillus on microscopy or histopathology. We report a rare case of primary tuberculosis of the cervix, which was suspected as carcinoma cervix on clinical examination but turned out to be a case of cervical tuberculosis based on the histopathological result. At nine months, the cervix had an almost normal appearance, and complaints from the patient were lessened.

Abstract : Peanut is the most popular edible nut that is easily contaminated by some kinds of fungi that produce a variety of mycotoxins, some of which are carcinogens. Thus, we aimed to investigate the safety of peanuts from pathogenic fungi and their mycotoxin. About 51 (15 fresh and 36 salt-roasted) peanut samples were collected from the markets of Sulaimaniyah, Iraq, and tested for possible fungi and mycotoxins contamination. Fungal contamination was identified by morphological traits molecular assay using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), while Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was applied for mycotoxin determination. We isolated 98 fungal strains from the peanut samples in which the three main fungal genera were Aspergillus spp, Penicillium spp., and Fusarium spp. Among them, A. niger was the predominant strain (29.59%), followed by A. flavus (26.53%), then A. parasiticus strain (17.34%), F. solani (14.28%), and P. chrysogenum (12.24%) with 360, 497, 430, 650, and 111 bp, respectively using PCR assay. Additionally, Aflatoxins (AFs) were detected in 43 samples (84.31%) with Ocratoxins (OCs) in 39 samples (76.47%) using the ELISA technique. Collected peanut samples exceeded the maximum allowable limit set by the European Union (UN) for the two kinds of mycotoxins. These assays are valuable tools that might be incorporated into the quality control system of the food chain.

Abstract : Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) can observe not only the diffusion of tissue water molecules, but also the blood perfusion information of tissue microcirculation. IVIM-DWI has been utilised in numerous clinical settings. However, few studies have addressed the use of IVIM-DWI for assessing the response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients to locoregional therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of IVIM-DWI in the therapeutic efficacy of HCC locoregional therapy. Three weeks before and three weeks after tranarterial chemoembolisation, IVIM-DWI scans were performed on 30 patients using a 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging device. Standard apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), pure diffusion coefficient (Dslow), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (Dfast), and perfusion fraction () values were measured. Using paired t tests, the values of IVIM-DWI parameters before and after TACE were compared. The responsive and non-responsive groups' values were compared using a t-test for independent samples. P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. After TACE, the ADC and Dslow values in the tumours increased significantly, whereas the Dfast values decreased significantly, while the f value did not significantly change. The ADC values in the responsive group were significantly greater than those in the non-responsive group, while the Dfast values in the responsive group were significantly lower than those in the non-responsive group. However, the values of Dfast and f did not differ significantly between the two groups. IVIM-DWI parameters can be used as potential therapeutic response markers for TACE treatment of HCC.

Abstract : Retinal ganglion cells (RGC) are the most commonly affected cell type in optic neuropathies following acute high IOP injury that induced cell death mechanism, such as apoptosis. Resveratrol is a potential antioxidant against various ocular disease, as well as its anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-apoptotic effects. In this in vivo study, 20 healthy adult male Rattus Norvegicus were separated into 4 groups and given intervention retinal ischemic reperfusion injury (I/R) by increasing intraocular pressure to 110 mmHg for 60 minutes. Resveratrol (RSV) 100μM was injected intravitreally in the IR+RSV group thus enucleated in 7th day. Enucleated eye were immunohistochemically examined for Bax and Caspase-3 expression. Bax and Caspase-3 level was significantly increased between control group and treatment group (IR7+PBS, IR7+RSV) (P <0.01 and P<0.05); and between intervention group IR0 and IR7+PBS (P<0.01). There was also significant decrease between IR7+PBS and IR7+RSV (P<0.05). This study concluded that Resveratrol intravitreal helps to prevent progressivity of retinal ganglion cell loss by decreasing Bax and Caspase-3 expression after ischemic reperfusion injury in the animal model.

Abstract : Anemia is a major nutritional problem in the world, especially in developing countries. It was also estimated that 30% of the world's population is suffering from this condition. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effect of administering chicken liver and moringa (Moringa oleifera) flour-based meatballs on hemoglobin (Hb) levels in anemic female adolescents at a boarding school in Gowa. A quasi-experimental method was used with a non-randomized pre-post control design carried out for one month and consisting of two groups. The intervention group contains 29 samples who were given chicken liver and moringa flour-based meatballs for 1 month (30 days), while the control consists of 28 samples, and they were administered with beef meatballs. The variables measured include hemoglobin levels using the Hb Meter brand HemoCue, while food intake was evaluated with the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionaire (SQ-FFQ) interview method. The data of hemoglobin level were analyzed with the Wilcoxon Signed Rank and Mann-Whitney Tests, while data analysis for intake was performed using the Paired T-Test and Independent Sample T-Test. After the samples were given the treatment, the average hemoglobin levels in the intervention and control groups experienced a significant increase from 10.35 g/dL to 12.08 g/dL and 10.30 to 11.63 g/dL, respectively, with a p-value <0.05. These results showed that the treatment given in both groups was effective in increasing hemoglobin levels and food intake. Although the difference between the groups was not statistically significant, the effect of giving chicken liver and moringa flour-based meatballs was greater compared to beef meatballs on Hb levels. This treatment also had an immense effect on increasing protein, and iron intake.