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Abstract : Pneumonia is a prominent cause of illness and death in children under the age of five years. Zinc supplement may have a critical protective function in pediatric pneumonia. To evaluate the role of zinc supplement in children suffering severe pneumonia in relation with their sociodemographic and clinical findings. A total of 250 patients with acute pneumonia were selected aged 2-59 months. Patient were randomly divided into two groups; each received the standard treatments with or without zinc supplement. Patients were assessed for general condition, fever respiratory rate, respiratory indrawing, stridor and wheezes every 6 hours for 3 days. The primary outcome was the rate of recovery, which was defined as proportion of patients who showed absence of lower chest indrawing and other danger signs within up to 48 h after starting treatment. The rate of recovery from severe pneumonia in children who received zinc supplementation in addition to their routine medical therapy was 66.4%, while the rate among those who didn’t receive zinc was 24.0%. Majority of children in both groups were males. Supplemental zinc supplementation has been shown to accelerate the healing process and improve clinical symptoms in children with severe pneumonia. Zinc supplementation is advised in conjunction with standard antibiotic therapy.

Abstract : Postpartum period or puerperium starts after reproductive organs have returned to normal and completed after approximately 42 days. Health workers must provide adequate breastfeeding information along with how to breastfeed as long as pandemic era, in determining the effectiveness of “Pintar ASI” application on knowledge level of postpartum women as the medium for delivering information about how to breastfeed. The research employs a quasi experimental study, pre-test and post-test intervention. Samples of 50 people are taken with purposive sampling technique, 25 people on experiment group and 25 from control group. The research instrument used google form which contains of questionnaire regarding knowledge about breastfeeding and “Pintar ASI” application that is already available on google site. The application is used for 7 days. Data analysis are used to determine the difference of knowledge score prior and after the usage of “Pintar ASI” application using test of paired sample t-test, p-value = 0.000 is obtained and because the data are homogeneous, the independent sample t-test is carried to determine the difference between the two groups, with knowledge result obtained of p value = 0.000. The result demonstrates that there is a significant difference between knowledge level of postpartum women prior and giving “Pintar ASI” application in the working area of Medan johor with the result obtained of p value = 0.000. The result demonstrates that there is a significant difference between knowledge level of postpartum women prior and giving “Pintar ASI” application.

Abstract : The ongoing COVID-19 epidemic has resulted in new dimensions in the efficacy of the economic and environmental while this virus impacts in human life to create problems in human life. The main objective of this study is to analyze the positive and negative impact on the human and environmental situation of COVID-19 in the world. many research works were done on individual issues for one state of a country but not all state or country data are not available in any sources of the world. To accomplish this goal, preliminary analysis, review articles and reviews released over the past five years have been analyzed with various research data such as NCBI, EMBASE, Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE and MDPI from related clinical trials and animal studies with English terms search: COVID-19, lockdown, financial problem, environmental health problems. The COVID-19 was declination of the GDP, remittance, market policy, private sector credit, tourist industry, employment status, health emergency, shock in education, restrictions in recreation and created pollution like as water, microplastic pollution. The positive effect of covid-19 was the reduction in air and noise pollution, regeneration of biodiversity, and established digital transformation in the world. However, this virus delimited financial sectors have also donated towards a good environment. If COVID-19 and lockdown are released, environmental pollution will increase more in the world. As a result, this research recommends that the policy makers must promote in the financial sector without disturbing the environmental elements or create a new fund to help the environmental organizations.

Abstract : The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in much psychological distress amongst healthcare workers, primarily those serving in COVID-19 hospitals. This can lead to high levels of burnout, as healthcare workers experience increasingly challenging working environments. However, it is crucial to examine the factors underlying depression and anxiety, specifically the psychological and non-psychological variables. Additionally, the new constructs of stress of COVID-19 have emerged, suggesting that the stressors of this pandemic are very divergent from previously. A cross-sectional study was performed amongst 210 healthcare workers in a tertiary non-COVID hospital in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Questionnaires corresponding to the following variables were administered: non-psychological variables (operationalized as age, gender and living status); psychological variables (operationalized as burnout, psychological inflexibility, state mindfulness, and stress of COVID-19); and psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress). Bivariate correlations were assessed amongst all continuous variables. Subsequently, stepwise regression analysis was performed using depression and anxiety as separate dependent variables. Psychological inflexibility, stress of COVID-19, and dysfunctional coping styles emerged as predictors for both depression and anxiety. Work-related burnout emerged as an additional predictor for depression but not anxiety. This study demonstrates significant theoretical contribution and clinical implications in healthcare practice by addressing the impact of various COVID-19 related psychological and non-psychological variables on healthcare workers in non-COVID tertiary hospitals. This study will help healthcare workers to understand the relevant skills in mitigating depression and anxiety during pandemic.

Abstract : Caring for COVID-19 patients might experience mental health challenges and there is a need to identify the underlying factors that could contribute to depression and anxiety. The aim of this study was to study relationship between coping styles, psychological factors, stress and fear of COVID-19 on depression and anxiety among frontline healthcare workers in Sabah, Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was performed amongst 344 healthcare workers in Sabah Women and Children Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Questionnaires corresponding to the following variables were administered: sociodemographic variables (operationalized as age and gender); psychological process variables (operationalized as psychological inflexibility, psychological mindedness, and psychological mindfulness); fear of COVID-19; stress of COVID-19; depression, and anxiety. A total of 337 participants were enrolled into this study using homogenous convenience sampling techniques and data was analyzed using SPSS version 27 and partial least square structure equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The prevalence of normal, mild, moderate, severe, and extreme severe of depression was 54.8%, 19.2% and 13.1%, 11.1%, and 1.7% respectively. Meanwhile, the prevalence of normal, mild, moderate, severe, and extreme severe of anxiety was 49.9%, 11.7%, 12.0% and 9.0%, and 17.5% respectively. The findings show that emotion-focused coping (β = 0.16, t = 2.63, p = 0.01) and psychological inflexibility (β = 0.50, t = 7.34, p = 0.00) have a significant positive effect on anxiety; meanwhile, problem-focused coping have a significant negative effect on anxiety. Additionally, stress of COVID-19 coping (β = 0.13, t = 2.36, p = 0.02), emotion-focused coping (β = 0.17, t = 2.97, p = 0.00), psychological inflexibility (β = 0.46, t = 6.67, p = 0.00), and psychological mindedness (β = 0.16, t = 2.46, p = 0.01) have a significant positive effect on depression. Meanwhile, problem-focused coping had a significant negative effect on depression (β = -0.15, t = 4.15, p = 0.00). Healthcare workers in this study experienced considerable amount of depression anxiety; and our study reported the greatest influence was related psychological inflexibility. Therefore, psychological support strategies need to be organized and implemented to improve mental health among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.