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Abstract : Primary malignant lesions in seminal vesicles are rarely observed in clinical practice. Seminal vesicle mainly observed with secondary tumours, and the prostate is the most common source, which is frequently caused by disseminated disease or contiguous spread from an adjacent organ. The main presentation is hematospermia and cancer diagnosed with a CT or MRI scan, followed by surgical resection of this tumour. This literature review concentrates on this rare cancer due to the scarcity of data regarding management techniques and the fact that the treatment is frequently customised to the individual. We summarise and analyse the data from the case reports of the main types of cancer observed in seminal vesicles.

Abstract : The nasopharyngeal tonsil also known as “adenoids” are located at the superior posterior quadrant of nasopharynx. Adenoid hypertrophy is an actual increase in size in the adenoid tissue. Thirty-two pre-molar teeth and cranial nerves are affected and has great effects on mode of breathing and facial skeleton development. This paper seeks to establish the relationship between adenoid hypertrophy and modes of breathing and facial skeleton. A cross sectional questionnaire based study was carried out among the patients of adenoid hypertrophy visiting Medical Teaching Institution Bacha Khan Medical Complex Swabi. 100 participants were involved in the study, majority had mouth breathing complaint (84%), 62% were having high arched palate, toneless voice and overcrowded teeth and only 30% were having pinched nose. This study reveals the impacts of adenoid hypertrophy on breathing mode and development of facial skeleton.

Abstract : Turnover harms employees, groups, organizations, and companies. Turnovers have a substantial correlation with clinical results, particularly patient safety (falls, infections), low job satisfaction, and quality of treatment. This study explores the antecedents and consequences of turnover intention in hospitals. This study method is a systematic review of 24 articles. According to the findings, burnout, leadership, perceived organizational support, job satisfaction, a strong sense of belonging, a sense of recognition, psychological capital, organizational justice, work centrality, stress, emotional exhaustion, organizational commitment, anxiety, and loyalty are all predictors of turnover intention in hospitals. Meanwhile, consequences are quality of care, increasing direct costs in promoting, recruiting, and training new staff, low job performance, and increased length of stay. These findings contributed to a better understanding of hospital turnover intentions, which will be helpful in future academics and health practitioners.

Abstract : Osteoporosis (OP) is a common complication of liver cirrhosis. It can cause morbidity and mortality due to high fracture risk and impaired quality of life. is to assess the frequency of OP among patients with liver cirrhosis and to find risk factors associated with it. Between January 2020 and February 2021, patients who had liver cirrhosis or newly diagnosed with cirrhosis were arranged to do bone mineral density (BMD), BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Osteopenia and osteoporosis were defined according to WHO criteria, after taking informed oral consent followed by full history, examination and demographic data. A total of 150 patients (males 108(72%) and females 42(28%)) with a mean age of 50.85+_12.9 years were enrolled in this study. Prevalence of OP was found to be 46.6% (70/150). On multivariate analysis, child-Pugh classification, menopausal state and body mass index(BMI) were significantly associated with OP, while age, gender and etiology of cirrhosis were non significantly found to be associated with OP. Low BMD is highly prevalent in patients with chronic liver disease(CLD) of variable etiologies and commonly overlooked. We advocate more randomized and prospective studies to be conducted on homogeneous groups with CLD in its various stages. In view of numerous therapeutic options available both for liver disease and bone disease, it is prudent to characterize this condition in order to give these patients a better chance of survival with good quality of life.

Abstract : Tuberculosis remains a persistent and ancient challenge for humanity. The meticulous efforts dedicated for tuberculosis elimination encountered a setback with the unprecedented arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic as resources were stretched and TB services disrupted. To assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on NTEP services – Diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and support services and to assess the challenges faced by individuals in availing the NTEP services during the COVID-19 pandemic. An Explanatory Sequential Design mixed-method approach was adopted. A five-year retrospective analysis of district-level programmatic indicators was conducted, covering the period from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2021. A survey and sub-analysis were performed on five time-based cohorts of persons with TB registered between September 25, 2019 and June 30, 2021. This aimed to identify challenges faced by individuals during the pandemic. A 17% decline in TB case notification in 2020 compared to 2019 was noted indicating the pandemic's influence. The treatment success rate was 78.6% before the pandemic, increasing to 83.8% during pandemic showing no negative influence of the pandemic. No changes were noted in the death rates. Challenges in accessing NTEP services included difficulty in obtaining medications, irregular medicine supply, drugs for treatment initiation, lack of transportation for centre visits, unavailability of doctors, and centre closure. Despite the challenges posed by the pandemic, NTEP services have demonstrated remarkable resilience, finding innovative ways to continue their critical work of TB control while navigating the uncertainties and disruptions caused by COVID-19.