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Abstract : Endodontic treatment success hinges on the effective elimination of bacteria from the root canal system. Bacterial persistence, primarily due to inadequate chemo mechanical preparation or suboptimal filling, is a leading cause of treatment failure. Enterococcus faecalis, a bacterium resistant to many irrigation solutions, has been identified as a primary culprit. Mechanical preparations alone fail to eradicate such bacteria, necessitating the use of effective chemical agents. While Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most widely used, its drawbacks, such as potential toxicity and inability to kill all microorganisms, have directed attention towards alternative solutions like Chlorhexidine Plus (CHX-Plus) and Chloramine-T. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of 2% Chloramine-T in eliminating Enterococcus faecalis from root canals, and to Evaluate the potency of Chlorhexidine Plus against Enterococcus faecalis within inoculated root canals. 40 human mandibular first molars were divided into two groups based on the irrigation solution used: Chlorhexidine Plus and 2% Chloramine-T. After irrigation, bacterial samples were extracted and cultured to determine the remaining bacterial colony count. The data were subjected to statistical analysis to assess the difference in bacterial counts before and after irrigation. In the aerobic bacterial group treated with Chloramine T, the average bacterial colony count reduced from 163,000 to 890. In the group treated with Chlorhexidine Plus, the count decreased from 163,000 to 14. For anaerobic bacteria, Chloramine T reduced the count from 164,000 to 1,400, while Chlorhexidine Plus brought it down from 163,000 to 12. The paired sample t-test showed a significant difference in bacterial counts before and after irrigation for all groups. Both Chloramine-T and Chlorhexidine Plus exhibited substantial antimicrobial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis in root canals, with Chlorhexidine Plus showing a slightly better performance. These findings highlight the potential of these solutions as alternatives or supplements to Sodium Hypochlorite in endodontic treatments.

Abstract : Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major cause of health, social and economic problems in many countries. Nearly 500 million new cases of STIs occur each year worldwide. The increase in poverty was relater with an increase in the number of street children, vagrants, and unemployed. Without adequate assistance, street children are very vulnerable to negative social excesses, including free sex, which could lead to increased prevalence of STIs in street children. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of STIs among street children, homeless, and unemployed in Surakarta and surrounding areas. This analytical observational study was prospectively conducted by interviews, physical examinations and simple laboratory examinations of rapid tests for HIV and Syphilis. The demographic and subject characteristics results showed total 30 subjects involved in this study, which 19 were male and 11 were female. The marital status showed that 12 subjects were married, while 18 others were not. In the STIs status variable, it was found that 25 subjects, did not have an STIs. Besides, it was also found that 2 subjects had dermatophytosis, 1 subject had parasitic infection, and 3 subjects had pyoderma. The STIs risk factors presented heterosexual (20 subjects), bisexual (3 subjects), homosexual (4 subjects), and multiple partner (3 subjects). In conclusion, several factors, which are gender, age, marital status, skin disorders, and STIs risk factors, have a significant impact on the STIs profile in the population of street children and homeless people.

Abstract : One of the most common and informative methods of collecting medical information was and still remains a variety of questionnaire options in the form of filling a special questionnaire by the respondents. Literature analysis allowed the authors of the study to stop their choice on the "Dental Health Questionnaire for Adults", which was developed by the WHO. The purpose of the study was to analyse the results of survey carried out with the help of the adapted “Dental Health Questionnaire for Adults” among the patients residing in Poltava region of Ukraine, with the focus on the respondents’ age factor. The pilot questionnaire was carried out on the basis of the department of propaedeutics of orthopedic dentistry of Poltava State Medical University. It was conducted among 132 patients, aged from 22 to 80 years. The survey included data on the population age distribution, patients’ dental status, their treatment needs and individual hygiene care. The study employed a translated and adapted “Dental Health Questionnaire for Adults” according to the 5th edition of the World Health Organization bulletin from 2013. The interdependence of the age factor and the number of natural teeth was predicted, F (2, 126) =7.55, p=0.0001; the correlation between the patients’ age and the use of complete removable orthopedic structures is also stable F (1, 126) =4.29, p=0.0404. There is a clear correlation between the respondents’ age and the characteristics of their gum state, i.e., in the older subgroups of the sample, there is a proportional increase in the number of the patients who rate their gum condition as “average” F (6, 125) =4.35, p= 0.0005. At the same time, it turned out that the correlation between the factor of presence of partial removable orthopedic structures and the age of patients is not stable F (1, 125) =2.43, p=0.1214, taking into account the facts of the use of similar structures by people in different age groups, starting with 33 years. The factors of pain and discomfort in the oral cavity, as well as problems noted within the last year, also have no correlation with the age of the interviewees F (2, 125) =0.08, p=0.9198, F (4, 125) =1.00, p=0.4126, respectively. The results of Poltava region residents’ pilot survey demonstrated certain statistical regularities, the main of which are the correlations between the patients’ age and the factors of the available natural teeth number, the fact of using complete removable prostheses and the gums state.

Abstract : Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disease in which autoantibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) cause muscle weakness. AChR antibodies are very specific in MG because they are found in about 85% of cases. There are two MG subtypes based on age of onset, namely MG Early Onset (<50 years old), dominated by women, and MG Late Onset (≥50 years old), dominated by men. Several studies have shown different results regarding AChR antibody levels in both ages of onset and gender. The present study is observational analytic research that used a cross-sectional design. The subjects were 33 MG patients selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria using consecutive sampling. The research data used from secondary data. The researcher used the Spearman and Eta Test to analyze the data. The majority of MG patients were dominated by women (72,7%) and had age of onset <50 years old (67%). The median of AChR antibody level in MG patients was 30.7 pmol/L. The results of the correlation statistical test between the age of onset and AChR antibody levels showed p=0.808 and r=0.044. The correlation test between gender on AChR antibody levels showed p=0.759 and r=0.056. There is no significant correlation between age of onset and gender with acetylcholine receptor antibody levels.

Abstract : Pediculosis Capitis (PC) is a parasitic infestation of the hair and scalp caused by Pediculus Humanus Capitis (PHC). Risk factors for transmission include direct contact between the hair and scalp of patients and direct contact with fomites, such as using personal items together with individuals with PC. Alopecia is baldness or hair loss in areas where hair normally grows. A 40-year-old male complained of very annoying itching on the scalp and baldness in several locations of the head since 3 months ago. The patient only used anti-dandruff shampoo, but there was no improvement. Then he visited a general practitioner and was given zinc 20 mg tab 1x a day and vitamin B complex 1x daily, but there was still no improvement. Physical examination of the capitis region showed multiple alopecia patches, nits (+), and excoriation (+). A dermoscopic examination revealed several grey hairs, translucent and firmly attached to the hair shaft and found broken hair. On a 10% KOH examination, PHC eggs were found. The patient was diagnosed with pediculosis capitis with multiple alopecia patches. The management was given permethrin 5% cream twice with an interval of 1 week and cetirizine 10 mg once a day. The patient controlled 2 weeks after the beginning of treatment and the itching was greatly reduced. Dermoscopy and KOH examination found no PHC eggs or nymphs. Clinical symptoms of pruritus are caused by a delayed hypersensitivity reaction resulting from sensitization to lose salivary antigens or faecal antigens and generally occur about 2 to 6 weeks after exposure to PHC. Chronic scratching caused by inflammation associated with relatively prolonged pediculosis may result in hair loss. Treatment with permethrin 5% topical cream may be a PC therapy option that can eradicate PHC at all stages of life.