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Abstract : Respiratory distress is associated with lung maturation and vitamin D which is explained by the mechanism of production and secretion of phospholipids (surfactants) on the surface of type II alveolar cells (ATII). To determine the differences between in vitamin D levels in premature neonates with respiratory distress in premature neonates and without respiratory distress. Analytical analyses with a case-control study in premature neonates who experienced respiratory distress at the H. Adam Malik Medan General Hospital from September 2021 to March 2022. To assess the difference among variables with t-independent test, Mann-Whitney test, and Kruskal Wallis test. A total of 25 patients with respiratory distress samples and 25 controls were analyzed. Differences between the classification of vitamin D levels in children with respiratory distress and without respiratory distress had a significant (p=0.014) with vitamin D level with respiratory distress of 14.72. The difference between Downe Score and APGAR Score in children with respiratory distress and without respiratory distress also had significance (p=0.001) with a mean of Downe Score of 4.68 and APGAR Score of 5.96 for the first 7.16 for the fifth, and 7.6 for the tenth minutes. The differences between Downe Score and vitamin D levels in the group of infants with respiratory distress did not have a significant (p=0.742). There are significant differences among the classification of vitamin D levels, Downe Score and APGAR Score in neonates with respiratory distress and without respiratory distress. However, there was no significant differences between Downe Score and vitamin D levels.

Abstract : Athletes' physical fitness, especially VO2max and muscle endurance, must be increased or maintained because it determines the ability of an athlete to carry out their activities. Physical fitness needs special attention because it is an important element in almost all sports. To determine the effect of physical exercise on changes in VO2max, muscle endurance, and hemoglobin in athletes. This research is a quasi-experimental research with a pre and post-test one-group design with two measurements, before exercise, and after exercise. A total of 40 samples were recruited to participate in this study with predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Physical exercise was given 3 times a week for 2 months. VO2max with bleep test, muscle endurance with half squat jump, and Hemoglobin with routine blood test Results. Physical exercise is very effective on athlete's muscle endurance but is not effective for increasing VO2max and hemoglobin of athletes at the Makassar Student Sports Education and Training Center (PPLP).

Abstract : Glutathione is a well-known potent antioxidant which also possesses skin-lightening and anti-aging properties. Despite its popularity as main ingredients on skin care and supplementation, the anti-aging effect of of oral and topical glutathione combination is unknown. This study aimed to compare the anti-aging effect of oral and topical glutathione combination therapy against monotherapy and placebo. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on healthy women aged 25-50 years old. The subjects were randomly assigned into one of four intervention groups (I=topical glutathione + oral placebo; II=topical + oral placebo; III=topical + oral glutathione; IV=topical placebo + oral glutathione). The clinical changes on spots, pores, roughness, wrinkles, signs of ultraviolet acnes (UV-A), and ultraviolet spots (UV-S) were assessed biweekly with Janus-II measurement system for a total of 8 weeks. Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the mean difference between each glutathione group (I, III, IV) and placebo group (II). Group IV demonstrated the least increase of spots and significant reduction of pores and roughness compared to placebo (p<0,05). Group I experienced the most reduction in wrinkles and UV spot parameter (p<0,05). Whereas group III shows the biggest improvement on UV acne parameter (p<0,05). The study shows the benefits of topical and/or oral glutathione on defying the skin aging process compared to the placebo. However, the combination of oral and topical glutathione is not as effective as monotherapy, except in UV acne parameter.

Abstract : This study aims to examine the effectiveness of polidocanol, ethanol and bleomycin as sclerosant agents in the animal model. An experimental study design was performed on 24 Lepus nigricollis rabbits (48 ears) which were divided into three treatment groups: polidocanol (group I, n=16), ethanol (group II, n=16), and bleomycin (group 3, n=16). All animals received treatment by injection into the dorsal vein behind the ear, then damming the vein 10 minutes later. After that, punch tissue samples were taken from blood vessels for 60 minutes, 24 hours, seven days, and 45 days evenly in each group for standard histopathological examination. The severity of histopathology changes was scored by inflammation, proliferation, luminal narrowing and vascular fibrosis. There were no differences in the degree of inflammation, proliferation, luminal narrowing and fibrosis in the three treatment groups with different sclerosing agents and at different times. There was a positive and significant correlation to vascular proliferation, luminal narrowing, and fibrosis over measurement time (all p<0.005). There was a positive and significant correlation to luminal narrowing and fibrosis over measurement time (all p<0.005). There was a positive and significant correlation to inflammation, luminal narrowing, and fibrosis over measurement time (all p<0.005). In conclusion, bleomycin, polidocanol, and ethanol have a similar effectivity as a sclerosing agent in vivo. However, almost histopathology changes significantly correlate with bleomycin, polidocanol, and ethanol over time.

Abstract : Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease, of which its prevalence remains increased worldwide. So far, the focus of research in several countries is only on DM patients who have experienced diabetic foot ulcers without paying attention or seeing the condition of pre-ulcerss. If pre-ulcers can be controlled from the start, it will improve the condition of DM patients so that the quality of life will also be better. This study aimed to examine factors associated with the quality of life in diabetic patients with pre- ulcers condition. This study was cross-sectional conducted in Takalar regency, Indonesia. Data collection using Questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF is a summary of the World Health Organization Quality Of Life (WHOQOL) which consists of 26 questions. A total of 33 respondents were selected using an accidental sampling method. Data analysis was carried out using the chi-square test with a significant degree of p<0.05. The results showed a relationship between occupational status and the quality of life (ρ=0.049). Similarly, there was a significant association of environment (ρ=0.033) and service quality (ρ=0.017) with the quality of life. There is a relationship between work, environment, and quality of service with quality of life in patients with diabetes mellitus with pre-ulcers in Takalar regency.