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Abstract : Gastric ulcer (GU) is a serious gastrointestinal disease, poses a considerable threat to humans, It’s pathophysiology involves an imbalance between mucosal protective and offensive factors. This study highlighted the protective effect of either sweet potato juice (SPJ) carrot juice (CJ) or their combination against gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin. Sixty male adult albino rats Sprague-Dawley strain were equally divided into six groups, group (1) healthy control group, group (2) GU group, group (3) SPJ + GU, group (4) CJ + GU, group (5) mixture of SPJ& CJ (MJ)+ GU, group (6) Omperazole (Omp) + GU. Biochemical investigations include oxidative stress (MDA and NO), antioxidant (SOD, GSH and TAC), inflammatory (IL-6, TNF-α and CRP) and apoptotic biomarker Caspase-3. Also, PGE2, COX-1, pepsin and hydroxyproline. Furthermore, gastric juice was examined for pH, while gastric tissues were examined for ulcer score, ulcer index as well as gene expression level of Hsp70. Histopathology observation of gastric tissues was detected by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in gastric tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results obtained from the current study revealed that either SPJ, CJ or the MJ exert a protective effect against GU, shown by a decrease in the gastric ulcer index and score as well as the biochemical parameters in serum. The juices up-regulate the expression of HSP-70 and by up-regulation of Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax. SPJ and CJ are therapeutically valuable for enhancing gastric ulcer remediation as they are capable of inhibiting indomethacin-induced damage.

Abstract : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends antibiotics metronidazole and clindamycin as the first-line therapy for bacterial vaginosis. It correlates with the number of antibiotic resistances. Therefore, an alternative to antibiotic, such as antiseptic, is sought to deal with these problems. Dequalinium chloride (DQC) is one of the antiseptics that has been widely studied as a therapy for bacterial vaginosis. The broad spectrum activity of DQC increases its effectiveness against bacterial vaginosis. This double-blind randomized controlled trial was carried out at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital from November 2020 – October 2021. The effectiveness of Dequalinium chloride was compared with Metronidazole as control (17 subjects for each group). The randomization was performed using block randomization. The outcome that was reported in this study was the cure rate as well as the side effects experienced by the users. The cure rate of subjects in treatment (DQC treatment) group was 94.12%; as compared to 100% in control groups. The difference in cure rate was not statistically significant (p = 0.50). No subjects reported any side effects in both groups. Dequalinium chloride is a safe and effective alternative to Metronidazole in treating bacterial vaginosis.

Abstract : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and clinical manifestations of benign breast lumps in adolescents admitted to a Al-Elwiya Teaching Hospital. All adolescents who visited the outpatient department (OPD) with breast lump complaints were enrolled in the study. Patients were a one hundred cases with breast lump with age of 25 years or less. All patients had assessment in the form of short history, clinical examination, ultrasound examination and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNA). As fibroadenoma found in 10% of all women according to the Autopsy studies. Regarding body mass index, no statistical difference was found. According to the occupation and educational level, no difference in the diagnosis was found. Marital status had no difference on the diagnosis of breast mass. Nulliparity (together with gravidity, parity and miscarriage) were associated with high rate of fibroadenoma. The side of the breast mass, past surgical history, past medical history, smoking all were not different in regard to the diagnosis of breast mass. Although, both family history and 1st and 2nd degree relatives with benign breast disease were not significant different in regard to the diagnosis of breast mass; all cases of positive family history of fibroadenoma had the similar diagnosis in both 1st and 2nd degree relatives. Most common cause of benign breast mass is fibroadenoma. Fibroadenoma was more common in age group ranged from 15-21 years, cases of nulliparity, positive family history and hormonal treatment.

Abstract : Poor health status, unhealthy behavior, nutritional status, and lifestyle can cause disproportionate growth, and body proportions can be seen from the sitting height ratio. This study aimed to evaluate the changes of sitting height ratio of Yogyakarta boys and girls aged 7-15 years. A cross sectional data was performed on 492 Javanese children consisting of 237 boys and 255 girls, aged 6-12 years. The body height and sitting height of each subject was measured in order to calculate the ratio between sitting height and height. Anthropometric measurements were measured to all subjects based on the International Standard for Anthropometric Assessment procedures. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Chi-Square tests, and simple linear regression analysis with a significance of p<0.05. There were significant differences between the average sitting height and sitting height ratio between boys and girls. Average height and sitting height of boys was 140.18 cm and 71.93 cm, while girls were 142.58 cm and 74.25 cm, respectively. There was a positive correlation (p<0.05) between sitting height, height, and sitting height ratio with age in both sexes. Among children the older the age, the greater the sitting height ratio. Sitting height ratio can be used to assist in the diagnosis and follow-up of children with growth problems.

Abstract : Varicocele is one of the causes of male infertility that can be corrected surgically. There are several varicocelectomy surgical techniques, including retroperitoneal technique and microsurgical technique. This study aims to compare the sperm parameters improvement and complications between retroperitoneal and microsurgical techniques. This study is a prospective cohort study. Data were taken from the medical records of patients who underwent varicocelectomy surgery from January 2016 to February 2019. A total of 100 patients, with grade 2-3 varicocele, divided evenly into retroperitoneal technique group, and microsurgical technique group. The same surgeon performed the operations. The sperm parameters before and after surgery, postoperative hydrocele, and the degree of postoperative pain were evaluated. There was a significant improvement in postoperative sperm parameters in both techniques. Whereas the results of postoperative sperm parameters between both techniques didn’t show a significant difference. No postoperative hydrocele was found in both techniques. A mild degree of postoperative pain was found in all study subjects in the microsurgical group. Whereas in the retroperitoneal group, mild postoperative pain was found in 11 subjects, and moderate postoperative pain was found in 39 subjects. Varicocelectomy provides a significant improvement in the postoperative sperm parameters. Both techniques provide equal significant improvement in sperm parameters with fewer hydrocele complication events. The microsurgical technique provides a better degree of postoperative pain than retroperitoneal techniques.