Search Results

Abstract : The aim of the study was to assess the effect of metformin (an anti-hyperglycemic drug in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patient) on DNA oxidative damage in vitro in human peripheral blood lymphocyte from 10 donors; evaluation of the oxidative damage induced by 1 and 2 Gy gamma rays; and assessed the role of metformin in protecting lymphocytes against the oxidative damage induced by gamma rays. The 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) ELISA Kit was used to detect the DNA oxidative damage in blood lymphocytes. Metformin (10 and 50µM) in vitro increased the rate of (8-OHdG) significantly (P ≤ 0.001) than control samples value. Irradiated blood lymphocyte with 1 Gy gamma rays elevated the DNA oxidative damage in rate (95%) and significantly (P ≤ 0.001) than control values, and the rise of irradiation into 2 Gy, caused increase the DNA oxidative damage (8-OHdG) 2.3 folds and significantly (P ≤ 0.001) than 1 Gy irradiated. Blood treated with metformin prior irradiation enhance the reduction of (8-OHdG) specially in blood irradiated by 2 Gy gamma ray, the reduction significantly (P ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ 0.001) respectively for (10 and 50 µM) metformin treated compared with irradiated group only.

Abstract : Disasters have continued worldwide, and these events constitute an essential concern for nurses in pursuing a strategic map to address this issue. As a discipline that plays a fundamental role in delivering disaster care, PHNs will be part of the discipline and are expected to participate actively in disaster management programs. This review paper investigates the foundational competencies of PHNs in dealing with the disaster recovery phase. An integrative review approach is achieved with various sources of information from an intensive search of the related literature by multiple methods. In developing the foundational competencies of PHNs in this study, nurses' knowledge, skills, and competencies in the disaster recovery stage launched by the organization's review papers and research papers will be discussed. Literature was searched by using a keyword combination as follows: "disaster mitigation" or "disaster preparedness" or "disaster-prone population," and "disaster recovery phase" and "the role of nurses" or "community disaster nursing. The main focus on PHNs competencies at this stage is assessing public health impacts and health promotion for the community. To participate actively during this period, they must possess knowledge and expertise in disaster management to work effectively in the event of a disaster. Moreover, intensive and sustained health promotion must be improved to raise awareness of potential risks to their quality of life following a disaster or catastrophe.

Abstract : The study aimed to determine the severity and prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in people from different professions in Saudi Arabia's western region to identify which one subjected to more stressful situation. The present cross sectional study was performed using a standard questionnaire-based study with Fonseca Anamnestic Index. The study was performed on adult participants from western area of Saudia Arabia who agreed to participate in the questionnaire between August 2020 and October 2020. The study included 1280 participants. The study sample were divided into six groups according to their professions (health care providers, business, college student, education, engineered and un-employed). Data were statistically analyzed for significance and correlations. The sample included 999 males and 281 females ranging in age from 18 to 65. Mild TMDs symptoms are reported in nearly half the participants. There was non-significant difference between different professions of the participants. The new pandemic COVID-19 may affect the health status among population of the society leading to mild symptoms related to temporomandibular joint regardless to their professions.

Abstract : One of the most common cancers occurring worldwide is Bladder Cancer. In 2018 there were 549393 cases of bladder cancer along with 199922 deaths. Early detection is essential to prevent the disease progression and improve the patient’s survival and quality of life. In this study, we assessed the performance of Nuclear Matrix Protein 22 (NMP22) for the early detection of bladder cancer. We searched kinds of literature using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library. The population was Bladder cancer patients undergoing the NMP22 test. The diagnostic accuracy of the NMP22 was evaluated through sensitivity, specificity, Positive Likelihood Ratio (PLR), Negative Likelihood Ratio (NLR), Diagnostic Odds Ratio (DOR), and Area Under Curve (AUC). Heterogeneity was analyzed using subgroup analyses. Egger test was used to detect publication bias. Stata 14.0 and Review Manager were used to analyze the data. The results showed sensitivity was 0.64 (95% CI = 0.57 to 0.70), specificity was 0.84 (95% CI = 0.79 to 0.88), PLR was 4.1 (95% CI = 3.1 to 5.4), NLR was 0.43 (95% CI = 0.36 to 0.50), DOR was 10 (95% CI = 7 to 14), and AUC was 0.81 (0.77 – 0.84). NMP22 had high sensitivity and specificity in ASIA compared to other regions. Egger’s test showed that no publication bias existed (P = 0.36). NMP22 test could become an early detection method for bladder cancer because of its high specificity. The NMP22 test may be appropriate for detecting bladder cancer, but it cannot replace cystoscopy.

Abstract : The intra-aortic balloon pump is the most widely used mechanical assist device for hemodynamic support in high-risk patients undergoing heart surgery (IABP). The purpose of this research is to determine if the catheter is in the best possible position, as poor positioning might result in adverse side effects such a blockage of the subclavian or renal arteries. This study comprised ten individuals with severe coronary artery disease who received coronary artery bypass grafting. These patients could not be weaned off cardiopulmonary bypass and needed IABP. The designed system of sensors was used to measure the perfusion index and doppler for monitoring blood flow through the hand and kidney during the insertion of the IABP catheter into the femoral artery. All the patients underwent the surgery satisfactorily. IABP assistance lasted an average of hours. The use of this sensing device was not associated with any in-hospital mortality or problems. This method is straightforward, dependable, and aids in the reduction of unwanted balloon catheterization side effects.