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Abstract : Most gastrointestinal lesions cause iron-deficiency anemia. Endoscopy of the upper and lower digestive tracts is indicated for IDA patients because most sources of gastrointestinal hemorrhage can be found. Clinical history can predict positive GI endoscopic findings, but its sensitivity in detecting specific lesions, including GI neoplasia, is limited. This study included 1064 IDA patients who had upper and lower GI endoscopies to determine the efficacy of upper and lower endoscopy in diagnosing gastrointestinal causes of iron deficiency anemia in Egyptian individuals. According to our findings, the most common cause of Fe deficiency anemia in upper gastrointestinal lesions (39.8 %) was peptic ulcer, whether gastric or duodenal, followed by angiodysplasia (11.85 %). Colorectal cancer (31.4 percent) was the most common cause of Fe deficiency anemia in lower gastrointestinal lesions discovered by colonoscopy, followed by lower gastrointestinal angiodysplasia (2.7 %). There was a high prevalence of neoplasm in IDA patients. 303 of 700 patients with iron deficiency anemia developed gastrointestinal neoplasm, with 82 instances pathologically proving to be upper gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma and 221 cases being colorectal cancer. In 18 IDA patients, combined lesions were seen. Upper and lower GI endoscopies are beneficial in diagnosing Iron deficiency anemia, says this study. In elderly patients with iron deficiency anemia, gastrointestinal cancers are prevalent. Peptic ulcers are the most prevalent upper GI lesion in Egyptians.

Abstract : Early detection is essential to reduce cancer mortality worldwide, including rectal cancer. One factor positively correlated with the incidence of rectal adenocarcinoma is the ABO blood group antigen. However, the use of the ABO antigen as a biomarker in colon cancer screening has not been widely studied. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the expression of ABO blood group antigens in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma based on the immunohistochemical method. The research was conducted using a cross-sectional study method. The expression of ABO blood group antigens in rectal tissue of the patients with rectal adenocarcinoma was analyzed using the immunohistochemical method (streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method). Rectal tissue was used as a control without tumor (normal rectal tissue). Statistical data analysis used gamma & Somers correlation and Wilcoxon comparison test. There was a significant difference in the expression of ABO blood group antigens in the rectal tissue between the tumor patient group and the control group (p-value = 0.004). There was no significant correlation between gender, age, stage of adenocarcinoma, histopathological degree of adenocarcinoma, and ABO blood group with the degree of antigen expression of tissue ABO blood group. These results were seen in both the control and tumor group (all p values > 0.05). In conclusion, the expression of the ABO blood group antigen in rectal tissue does not correlate with the tumor stage. However, this antigen can potentially be used as a marker of a malignant process.

Abstract : A 350-kDa protein is encoded by the ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene (ATM), a potential breast cancer risk gene. and is one of the fundamental components of the DNA-damage response system. The current study aimed to determine the function of inhibitory and regulatory gene ATM in the etiology of breast cancer in Iraqi women by identifying radiotherapy's detrimental impact on molecular factors about 10-20 Gy locally gamma cells, which may have an impact on cancer patients' genetic material (DNA). At the Al-Amel National Hospital for Cancer Management in Baghdad, this study was conducted on 18 breast cancer patients from Iraq. over three months eighteen healthy ladies, aged 35 to 45 years, are non-smokers and non-alcoholics. The results of gene expression show a significant difference in the ATM treatment comparison between the initial and final administration of RT. P value= 0.0047. Specialized primer genes were chosen for the mRNA genes ATM, as well as the primers for the internal control (actin) gene. which has a relationship with Ionizing radiation, using RT-PCR to analyze gene expression. According to the findings, radiation activates the ATM gene, which is involved in the cell cycle, DNA repair, and apoptosis regulation.

Abstract : Necrotizing cellulitis is a necrotizing infection with or without gas formation localized to the skin and subcutaneous tissue but does not involve the underlying fascia and muscles. Management should prioritize timely diagnosis and intervention with appropriate management and antibiotics. It is reported that a 67-year-old male patient with necrotizing cellulitis on the left leg with culture results of staphylococcus aureus was given broad-spectrum systemic antibiotic therapy according to the sensitivity results and treated using absorbent dressing in the form of foam and a combination of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and polyhexamethylene. Biguanide (PHMB) makes granulation tissue appear rapidly and re-epithelializes complete in 8 weeks. Necrotizing cellulitis is an infection with a lot of exudates and necrotic tissue. Excessive wound infection and exudation were treated with systemic antibiotics and absorbent dressings, and the combination of PRP and PHMB can increase the efficacy of therapy by increasing the granulation tissue formation and epithelialization of wound healing. The success of absorbent dressing therapy and the combination of PRP with PHMB can provide satisfactory therapeutic results and can help the process of new tissue formation and complete epithelialization of necrotizing cellulitis ulcers in 8 weeks.

Abstract : In Iraq, The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene is an x-linked disease, and its deficiency is common throughout the world. This study was conducted to purify Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase from favism patients and determination [Km, Vmax], and study the effect of optimum temperature, substrate, PH for G6pd in patient and control, the ongoing review presumed that the ideal pH of the enzymatic concentrate was in the reach [8-8.4]. the chemical has the most elevated compelling enzymatic at 8.5 pH for patients. The temperature of protein was steady to 37 ºC for patients and apparently exhibited the most elevated at 40 ºC. The constants were; for Michaelis-Menten of substrate [G6P] and the Vmax were [0.42mM] [27.17UI/ml] for patients and [0.142mM] and [79.36UI\ml] for control respectively.