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Abstract : The act of giving birth to a child is called labour. After the anticipated period of doubt, worry, and anxiety, it is the most delightful time in a woman's life. Therefore, ongoing surveillance is crucial. It is crucial for doctors and nurses to comprehend and interpret partograph, which is a pictorial technique of tracking the progress of labour. The goal is to evaluate the partograph knowledge amongst staff nurses. In this descriptive study, 70 staff nurses from SVS Hospital in Mahabubnagar, Telangana, who were chosen using purposive sampling, participated. Utilizing a knowledge questionnaire and expressed practises on a partograph, the data was gathered. With the help of descriptive and inferential statistics, the gathered data was examined. Staff nurses had strong understanding of Partograph in 72% of cases, and average knowledge in 21.0% of cases and 7% with poor knowledge. The investigation came to the conclusion that staff nurses had sufficient knowledge of partograph. Therefore, it is strongly advised to plan in-service education to improve partograph understanding and practise.

Abstract : The majority of common Escherichia coli species is related to humans and cause extra-intestinal infections. There is a link between majority of these infections and bacterial CTX-M. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between biofilm formation and CTX-M gene expression in clinical E. coli isolates. Thirty-five clinical isolates of E. coli were obtained from different clinical samples including urine, blood, wounds, and burns from four hospitals in Baghdad. Antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation tests were carried out. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase-PCR were used to detect and evaluate the expression of the CTX-M gene. The isolates were resistant to cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and carbapenems with values of 94.3, 60, and 14.3%, respectively. There was a significant (p <0.01) relationship between biofilm formation and resistance to multiple antibiotics in the E. coli isolates. The PCR assay revealed that 94.3% of the isolates have the CTX-M gene, but no significant correlation between the biofilm values and the concentrations of the CTX-M gene expression. The findings of this study suggest that these antibiotics can be used in the empirical treatment of E. coli-caused infection-linked biofilm formation, and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern aids in antibiotic selection.

Abstract : Blue nevi are a subset of melanocytic proliferations of embryonic neural crest origin containing cells similar to dendritic melanocyte precursors. Cervical Blue Nevi are benign pigmented melanocytic lesions that are rarely detected and usually seen in middle-aged women. It has various shapes such as dentridic, spindle-shaped, oval or polyhedral forms. Blue or blue-black macules or papules are common on the dorsal hands and feet, neck, and trunk [1]. Also, interestingly, in other places where melanocytes do not exist. It can also be found; in oral mucosa, sclera, uterine cervix, vagina, prostate, spermatic cord, pulmonary hilus, conjunctiva, maxillary sinus, mammary lymph nodes [1], [2]. In female genital tracts, it most commonly occurs in the uterine cervix. It is usually detected incidentally on microscopic examinations. Clinically, it can be seen as a blue-black spot on the posterior wall of the cervix. Various authors have described these lesions as <0.5 cm small and solitary blue-black macules on the endocervix. Here, we presented the histopathological features and differential diagnosis of a blue nevus detected in the pathology material after hysterectomy in a 43-year-old patient, on examples from the literature.

Abstract : Orlistat is medication used to treat obesity. This research aim investigation how of relationship between orlistat treatment use and thyroid hormone levels. Thyroid hormones of obese of male albino rat have been studied. In addition, little is understand about how losing weight changes thyroid operation. Thus, we researched more about the thyroid hormone status and potential effect of weight loss on thyroid hormones. We study of 32 male albino rat obese with mean age 12 weeks. The animal divide to four groups and all group included Of these 8 animals. The first group is control, second group (120 mg /kg / day), third group (180 mg /kg / day) and forth group (240 mg /kg /day) for 12 weeks of treatment. The results showed had significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) T4 level in Group 3 (8.041± 0.016) and group 4 (1.400±0.972) compared with control 31.600±0.0258 ng /ml. and total T3 level in Group 3 and 4 significantly decrease P ≤ 0.05) 6.233 ± 0.145; 0.340±0.021 compared with control 12.641±0.203) ng /ml, (P ≤ 0.05); while TSH level in Group 3,4 (2.491± 0.485, 5.243±0.673) had significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) compared to those of control without orlistat drug 0.691±0.057 uIU/ml and other groups. Obesity condition may effect thyroid hormone levels. beyond lowering body weight, orlistat may have varied effects on thyroid hormone status.

Abstract : Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium leprae attacking the skin and nerves leading to deformities of the hands, feet, and face. Every year more than 200,000 new cases of leprosy are reported globally, with Indonesia as one of the largest contributor. Nutritional status, particularly micronutrients, have role in development of the disease and nutritional balance could reduce the risk of contracting disease. It is also known that decreased levels of antioxidants and immune modulating nutrients may contribute to increasing in oxidative stress and complications. Thus, further studies considering the action of antioxidants and immune-modulatory nutrients in M. leprae infected patients should be designed to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism and to support dietary supplementation as the treatment of leprosy.