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Abstract : Visceral leishmaniasis consider a great health problem in Iraq, the traditional antileishmanial therapies are toxic and most are costly. For this reason, new approaches in the treatment of leishmaniasis are requested, zirconia nanoparticles ZrO2NPs, is a nano-sized and hollow colloidal metal oxide, it was recorded as anticancer agent, the approach was to prepare 17.4 μg/ml of ZrO2NPs by pulsed laser ablation. These nanoparticles are described to confirm the shape, size and other physical properties of the crystal using the following techniques: X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), results were indicated diffraction peaks at (28.2°, 31.5°, 38.5°, 50°, and 59.8°) were correspond to the (111, 111, 120,022 and 131), respectively. The Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) shown confirms the formation of nanostructures with granular size by 50 pulses of laser. The effect of ZrO2NPs on the parasite was tested in vivo by observation the levels of liver enzyme (aspartate aminotransferase AST, alanine aminotransferase ALT and cholesterol CL) in serum of infected mice and dosed with ZrO2NPs (0.1 ml / day) and comparing with control positive group after 7,14 and 21 days of dosed. The results showed that the level of AST in treated mice with ZrO2NPs significantly decreased at second and third week (49.17±0.70, 46.83±0.70 U/L) respectively, compared with the positive group was (61.83±1.33, 84.00 ±2.63U/L), there is significantly decrease at second and third week in level of ALT (50.00±0.58, 45.33 ±0.80) respectively, compared with the positive group (66.33±0.92, 79.67±2.22 U/L), respectively. As well as the results showed a significant increase in the cholesterol level within second and third weeks when mice were dosed with ZrO2NPs (164.83 ±1.70, 170.33 ±1.31 mg/dl) compared with positive group (139.83±1.35, 98.33±4.62 mg/dl).

Abstract : Needlestick injuries still pose a high risk to healthcare workers and a global concern for transmission of 20 blood-borne pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B and C viruses. The Centers for Disease Control of the USA estimated that exposure to blood and body fluids with sharp tools and needle stick and sharps injury affects three million health workers annually with an estimated six million national security indicators each year. This study is aimed to estimate the association between the prevalence of needle stick injury among healthcare workers and their demographic data in Baghdad hospitals. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was utilized, (300) health care workers in Baghdad hospitals. The sample selected from three hospitals in Baghdad City who were worked in (Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Al- Yarmook Teaching Hospital and Al- Zafaraniyah General Teaching Hospital), during the period from 25th November 2022 to 20th May 2022. The data was collected through interview technique and use constructed questionnaire format which consists two parts. The data were collected through face to face interview technique and by using questionnaire format. Data were analyzed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. (57.3%) of respondents in the sample were nurses. Most of study sample (56%) were females with 1-5 years of experience (58.7 %), the majority of respondents had taken courses on how to needles use and disposal (65%), also found that the majority of workers (60.7%) were exposed to needles and most injuries (39.3%) occurred in the patient’s room / bedside. (25.8%) during the injection and (30.3%) by used single needle and it also found that (31.4%) the design of the sharp tool was safe. Most injuries (31.7%) occurred during the use of the sharp tool and most workers (74.6%) received the hepatitis virus vaccine. The study concluded that a relatively more than a half of Health care workers are exposed to needle sticks, and this is one of the most common causes that lead to the transmission of diseases such as hepatitis. Replace sharp tools with another one more safety when using. Administrative commitment through the implementation of a program to protect workers from transmitted diseases. Activating the committee for the prevention of acupuncture injuries of needles and sharp tools. Implementing awareness and training programs for their correct use. Implementation of educational program of vaccinations, as well as raising level of reporting of puncture injuries. Safe disposal of hazardous medical waste from the source (i.e. from the place of use of the tool). Provide self-protective measures such as clothing and equipment. Putting and implementing policies on correct method for using needlestick.

Abstract : Cancer is a serious health issue in Iraq, where it is the second largest causes of death, according to Ministry of Health data from 2016. Cancer is among the primary causes of mortality and morbidity, In 2018, 9.6 million people died, or one per six death. Lung, colorectal, stomach, prostate, and cancer of liver affect males, whereas cervical, colorectal, breast, lung, and thyroid cancer affect women [7]. To assess the Nurses Knowledge toward nutritional instructions need for patients with Cancer at oncology center in AL-Diwaniyah. Governorate. And To Find out the Association Between Certain demographical data and Participation in Training Course with Oncology Nurses' Knowledge. A quasi experimental study design is conducted at Al-Diwaniyah Specialized Oncology Center, from 17th March 2021 to 15th May 2022. For the aim of the study, the researcher created the program and instrument. A non-probability purposive sampling had been consisted of (60) oncologic nurses have been chosen to obtained represent and accurate data. The sample size is (60) nurses, split into two groups, one of which includes of (30) nurses as the study group and the other of which consists of (30) nurses as the control groups. The study groups taking the educational programs that deals with nutrition of oncologic cancer patients, the control group, on the other hand, has not been subjected to the instructional programs. To obtain data from study participant, the researcher built the tools consisted of two parts: First part is the socio-demographic variables and second part the knowledge of the nurses (knowledge related to nutrition of oncologic patients The study instrument's validity was verified by presenting it to (19) experts, and its reliability was assessed using the internal consistency approach. To determine the difference between the study and the control groups, descriptive analysis and analytical inferential analysis were performed. The study's result revealed that there is very significant difference in between study group's (pretest and posttests) in terms of (nurse's knowledge of nutrition of oncologic patient people with cancer), (MEAN ± SD= 2.37±0.451) comparing to the pretest score (MEAN ± SD=1.58±0.402) due to effectiveness of an educational programs. The study finds that an education program focusing on food for oncologic patient cancer patient has a high chance of success of treatment. To establish nutritionist nursing specialty in our country similar to other developed countries to maintain our community health. Establishing one year diploma post graduate nursing studies for academic nurses in our nursing colleges to strengthen the nursing profession in these field. And specialized training sessions for nurses with exams to gain advantage and have an influence on the knowledge of oncology nurses, and oncology nurses must have particular pre-oncology educational courses before participating in the cancer ward.

Abstract : Malnutrition was a severe and widespread concern among cancer patients. It had a detrimental impact on their prognosis and quality of life. According to studies, 15 percent to 40percent of cancer patients lost weight while undergoing therapy. In individuals with advanced cancer, this number could rise to as high as 85 percent. As a result, early treatment and health education on dietary supplement and behaviors might help patients achieve better outcomes and avoid issues. Of this study were to Assess the Nurses Knowledge toward vitamin d3 and calcium need for patients with Cancer at oncology center in AL-Diwaniyah Governorate. and To Find out the Association Between Certain demographical data and Participation in Training Course with Oncology Nurses' Knowledge. A quasi experimental study design is conducted at Al-Diwaniyah Specialized Oncology Center, from 17th March 2021 to 15th May 2022. For the aim of the study, the researcher created the program and instrument. A non-probability purposive sampling had been consisted of (60) oncologic nurses have been chosen to obtained represent and accurate data. The sample size is (60) nurses, split into two groups, one of which includes of (30) nurses as the study group and the other of which consists of (30) nurses as the control groups. The study groups taking the educational programs that deals with Vitamin D3 and calcium that necessary and recommended for cancer Patients (vit. D3 and ca++) of cancer patients, the control group, on the other hand, has not been subjected to the instructional programs. To obtain data from study participant, the researcher employed the following tool: First part is the socio-demographic variables and second the Nurses knowledge related to The Vitamin D3 and calcium that necessary and recommended for cancer Patients (vit. D3 and ca++). The study instrument's validity was assessed by a group of experts, and its reliability was assessed using the internal consistency approach. To determine the difference between the study the control groups, descriptive analysis and analytical inferential analysis were performed. The study's findings revealed that there is very significant difference in between study group's (pretest and posttests) in terms of (nurse's knowledge of vitamin d3 and calcium of people with cancer), (MEAN ± SD= 2.37±0.451) comparing to the pretest score (MEAN ± SD=1.58±0.402) due to effectiveness of an educational programs. Finally, the study finds that an education program focusing on food for vitamin d3 and calcium of people with cancer has a high chance of success. Training health and medical through continuing nursing and medical education (on job training) of all health care providers including nurses who have a major role in raising the level of patient's awareness about the nutrition and importance of having optimum level of this vitamin D and Ca++, explaining the signs and symptoms of vitamin D and Ca.

Abstract : Diabetic patient is highly risk for foot amputation, which is a serious problem. Diabetic foot self-care education which includes assessment, planning, implementation and evaluations are essential and effective protocol to prevent complications.