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Abstract : Salacca zalacca, a tropical fruit rich in bioactive compounds exhibits antioxidant properties. These compounds protect cells from oxidative damage, contributing to overall health and potentially preventing cancer. This study aims to investigate the anticancer potential of underutilized salak flowers and leaves by characterizing those phytochemical profile and biological activities including ascorbic acid, antioxidant activity, total anthocyanins, total carotene, water, ash, fat, crude fibre, total protein, carbohydrate and calories. Phytochemical content assays were carried out iodometrically and spectrophotometrically while antioxidant activity analysis used DPPH. Samples of 1 fresh male flower, 6 mature male flowers without pollen of different ages and conditions, and 2 leaves with different characters were tested using the complete randomised design method. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Duncan at 95% significance level. Results showed that whole and cut flowers possessed high phytochemical content especially in ascorbic acid (47.57 mg 100g-1) and antioxidant activity (79.26%) around 5 times higher than fresh flower. The difference in flower age had a significant effect with older whole flowers producing better values, while the opposite phenomenon occurred in cut flowers. Overall nutrient content was best in cut flowers and leaves with crude fibre (37.80%) and carbohydrates (7.39%). These values provide a good reference for the utilisation of male flowers and salak leaves as new teraupetic agents.

Abstract : Dentistry is a physically demanding profession in nature that necessitates static work in incorrect postures for prolonged time. Tight workspace, restricted space for movement in dental clinics and limited visual access to the oral cavity lead to adoption of incorrect postures, which will lead to work-related musculoskeletal disorders on the long term. Ergonomics is an approach that allows dentists to work safely by designing tools, equipment and work stations in a way that provides maximum efficiency and minimal injuries at the same time. Education on ergonomic and providing appropriate work environments may be effective in reducing work-related musculoskeletal disorders among dentists. 141 dental interns (42 males and 99 females), with age range 22-25 years, were included in this study. The participants’ knowledge, attitude and practice of ergonomic principles were evaluated at baseline and after education sessions on ergonomics using a self-structured questionnaire. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups, where one group received an informative lecture on ergonomics in Dentistry followed by clinical demonstration on correct ergonomic posture. The other group received the same lecture followed by a computer-aided session on ergonomic postures using previously prepared videos. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) regarding each of knowledge, attitude and practice scores measured at different intervals, with scores measured at baseline being significantly lower than scores measured after education on ergonomics in both groups. Both educative methods were shown to be effective in the promotion of knowledge, attitude and practice among participants.

Abstract : Arbaenea is a religious observance that occurs forty days after the day of Ashura (started from day seventh of Safar till forty of it), Arbaenea performance has been banned in some periods, the last of which was when Saddam Hussein, (a Sunni who ruled as an Arab nationalist, clashing with Islamic revivalism) was president of Iraq. For nearly 30 years under Saddam's regime, it was forbidden to mark Arbaenea publicly in Iraq. Following the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the observance in April 2003 was broadcast worldwide. Huge numbers of Shia Muslim gathered in the Iraqi city of Karbala, therefore the history of the Arbaenea a number of specific health relate issues have arisen, such as size of gathering, diversity of population, climate and health facilities in Karbala (most important factors). To assessment the challenge between what we did and at which level of medical service offer and what our target and how achieved our goal. Design of study is retrospective study of 42000 patients collected from 18-October to 22 November 2018 ( ميلادي) in Imam Hussein medical city hospital, data collected from registration of emergency department. Age: range of patients age from 1-70 years old, we divided the patients as sub group every 10 year, (21-30 old) is the largest percent. gender: male to female ratio is (65.65: 34.4), nationality: more percent of nationality is local visitors, followed by Iranian. The main presentation of patients is abdominal pain represented 61.3%. According to medical services is 74% related to medicine while 26% of cases related to surgery. chest x-ray investigations percentage utilized and performed in the hospital during Arbaenea in 2018 is total performed that represented 30.9%. Duration of hospital stay of the study patients is Less than 24 hours that represented 98.5%, the more post-management outcome of the study patients is discharged well is 35274 that represented 85.9%. Our results show increased incidence and prevalence of medical and surgical emergencies so we determined our power and weak point, and how to deal with it and organize our preparedness, guideline and communication center.

Abstract : Dengue fever, caused by dengue viruses (DENV) and transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, is a major global health concern, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. This study focuses on the hemodynamic changes and liver function alterations in adult dengue patients exhibiting plasma leakage, a hallmark of severe forms of dengue such as dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). Plasma leakage can lead to hypovolemic shock and severe organ dysfunction, including liver injury, which plays a critical role in the disease's clinical severity. The study was conducted as collaborative research by Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University and American University of Barbados school of Medicine, Barbados involving 30 adult dengue patients, with a focus on those showing clinical or laboratory evidence of plasma leakage. Hemodynamic parameters, including blood pressure, heart rate, and packed cell volume (PCV), were closely monitored. Liver function was assessed through daily measurements of serum transaminases (AST, ALT), bilirubin, and other liver function tests. Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) was observed in 76.6% of patients, with both male and female patients showing significant reductions in platelet levels. Among the patients, elevated serum transaminase levels were common, with SGOT (AST) elevated in 96% of cases and SGPT (ALT) elevated in 90%, indicating widespread liver dysfunction. The study found a correlation between increased PCV, signifying plasma leakage, and elevated liver enzymes, particularly in those with more severe disease, including the two cases of DHF. One male and one female patient demonstrated progression to dengue haemorrhagic syndrome, with both showing marked increases in PCV and liver enzyme levels over time. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring both hemodynamic stability and liver function in dengue patients with plasma leakage. Understanding this relationship may guide more effective clinical management strategies to reduce the severity and mortality associated with severe dengue.

Abstract : The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a combination of amoxicillin 500 mg and metronidazole 400 mg tablets with a combination of ofloxacin 200 mg + ornidazole 500 mg in enhancing the clinical response to non-surgical treatment of periodontitis. The study sample comprised 20 cases of periodontitis involving male and female patients aged between 16 and 53 years. The periodontitis cases in the sample were divided into two main groups based on the treatment methods employed - one group treated with ofloxacin and ornidazole, and the other group with amoxicillin and metronidazole. Each patient underwent one-hour sessions of scaling and root planing. Subsequently, patients in the first group received Ornidacin (ofloxacin 200 mg and ornidazole 500 mg), while patients in the second group were administered conservative treatment with amoxicillin 500 mg thrice daily and metronidazole 500 mg tablets thrice daily, over a period of 7 consecutive days.. Patients were asked to visit the Department of Periodontology after 1, 2, and 3 months for evaluation of clinical parameters by another researcher, and for supportive treatment. The study findings indicated that the effectiveness of both treatments was nearly comparable, with a slight edge observed for the first group. Moreover, patient compliance slightly favored the group receiving ofloxacin and ornidazole. In conclusion, both treatments exhibited similar efficacy, with no significant variance in adverse drug reactions. Patient compliance was noted to be higher in the group receiving the combination of ofloxacin and ornidazole compared to the amoxicillin and metronidazole combination.