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Abstract : This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practices among sample of adults in Baghdad Iraq; Ascertain relationship between the knowledge, attitude and practices about obesity and some independent variables and determine the sources of information. Cross sectional study was carried out during the period from 1st of April to the end of October 2021, in Baghdad City in different places where people from different Sociodemographic characteristics, about 253 samples collected from people from different age groups, occupation, education, and residence, data was collected by using a questionnaire. Current study showed male (45.5%) more than females(54.5%), so high frequency of overweight and obesity had been noticed as (11.1%) Moreover, high frequency of central obesity had been found among the studied females & males (depending on waist/ hip ratio as indicatoras (61.1& 51.4) % respectively.so the knowledge for risk factors, weight management food regimen, treatment & success in treatment, diagnosis of obesity, and the lowest score was for the complication of obesity. The difference between the mean score values was significant , as well as lower mean knowledge score values were found among males , participants aged 50+ , occupational group including students & housewives, lower educational level, thin participants, rural and not married in comparison to their counterparts in other; gender, age, occupation, educational level, body mass index, residence and marital status categories respectively, also current study showed negative attitude towards obesity, so subjects with normal BMI had significantly highest score of good attitudes toward obesity. High frequency of overweight and obesity had been noticed among the studied sample, Moreover, high frequency of central obesity had been found among the studied females & males, so the knowledge for risk factors, weight management food regimen, treatment & success in treatment, diagnosis of obesity, as well as negative attitude towards obesity had been found in more than two third of the participants. Subjects with normal BMI had significantly highest score of good attitudes toward obesity, while, the lowest score was noticed in the thin subjects, so significant correlation was noticed between total knowledge score and; educational level, knowledge scores about; risk factor, diagnosis, weight management food regimen, treatment, complication and with scores for good attitudes.

Abstract : The relationship between diet and acne has been controversial. Recently, there has been a surge in studies providing greater insight, with several studies looking into glycaemic index (GI), diet and their relationship with acne vulgaris. To assess the Glycaemic index, lipid profile and compare it with acne grade. Study was conducted from Dec 2020 to May 2022.Where a total of 150 acne patients were enrolled. Patients were examined and grade of acne was established along with blood sample (for lipid profile) and a questionnaire to assess their meal patterns were collected (International Glycaemic index charting) dividing them into high, moderate and low Glycaemic index. This data was compared with the grade of acne. 46.7% of the study subjects had grade 1 acne, 46.3% of them had grade 2 acne and only 8% of had grade 3 acne. 64%(breakfast), 22.7% (lunch), 23.4% (dinner) had low glycaemic index. 22.7%(breakfast), 50.7%(lunch), 47.3%(dinner) had medium glycaemic index. 13.3%(breakfast), 26.7% (lunch), 26.7% (dinner) had high glycaemic index. Patient with higher grade of acne showed to have high Glycaemic index diet. The mean value of total cholesterol was 128.04 ±33.94 in mild acne, 127.63 ± 33.4 in moderate acne and 129.34 ±34.22 in severe acne, other markers of lipid profile (LDL, VLDL, HDL, Triglycerides) showed similar corelation. We noted a significant association of lipid profile and glycaemic index in acne severity.

Abstract : Infectious disease can be interpreted as a disease caused by infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) or toxic products that are transmitted from infected people, animals, and reservoirs, either directly or indirectly. The main therapy for infectious diseases, especially bacterial infections, is to use antibiotics. However, the massive use of antibiotics and the tendency to frequently abuse them have led to the development of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, a new solution is needed to overcome the high rate of antibiotic resistance. Bacteria can develop resistance characteristics through two main mechanisms. The first mechanism is by carrying out intrinsic genetic mutations that support the achievement of resistance traits, while the second mechanism is by the acquisition of mobile genetic elements. Plasmid-mediated resistance is one of the important mechanisms in increasing antibiotic resistance. Antiplasmid agents are compounds that are capable of inhibiting plasmid replication, which in turn results in the elimination of bacterial plasmids. Various compounds have the potential to be used as antiplasmid agents, for instance, DNA intercalating agents, psychotropic drugs, detergents, biocides, and various compounds derived from herbs. One of the biggest challenges of antiplasmid therapy is the fact that most antiplasmid agents are mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic when they attack human cells. Therefore, the use of engineered bacteriophage has the potential to be used as a delivery medium for antiplasmid agents to go directly to pathogenic bacteria without damaging the body cells.

Abstract : One of the most common and safe techniques applied in many surgeries is spinal anesthesia. However, it may create some complications like nausea and vomiting. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is known as a prevalent complication after anesthesia and surgery. Many studies have introduced Inflammation as a significant factor in the occurrence of PONV. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a prognostic biomarker taken from peripheral blood, to check the inflammation in various diseases. This study was conducted with the aim of examining the role of spinal anesthesia in creating inflammation and the incidence of PONV. This study was conducted on 80 patients to identify the relationship between NLR values and PONV prevalence. The values of Neutrophil, Lymphocyte, and NLR, obtained from Four blood sampling, were compared together and also to the blood samples of Non-PONV patients. The prevalence of PONV was 33.75%. The average of systolic blood pressure (P=0.25), diastolic blood pressure (P=0.69), and heart rate (P=0.73) did not show significant differences between the two groups, but the oxygen saturation level (P=0.02) was significantly lower in the group with PONV. In this group, from the second sample onwards, the number of Lymphocytes was significantly lower (P<0.001), and the number of Neutrophils (P=0.01) and the NLR (P<0.001) were significantly higher. Considerable changes in Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, and NLR values in patients with nausea and vomiting after spinal anesthesia are significantly associated with antiemetic usage and better post-treatment.

Abstract : Insulin, glimepiride, and metformin prescribe as monotherapy or in combination to control glycemic state. A comparative retrospective case-control study followed by a follow-up study of added metformin and or glimepiride to establish the effect on weight and glycemic state. There are no significant differences in BMI, FPG, and HbA1c among comparative monotherapy groups, follow-up study show a highly significant reduction of glycemic parameters with varying effect on weight among antidiabetic agents. Insulin and its secretagogues glimepiride provide hypoglycemia with the incidence of increased weight while metformin is associated with weight loss. Adding metformin with insulin or glimepiride counterbalances the weight gain with improving glycemia.