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Abstract : Helicobacter pylori infection has been linked to a number of non-gastrointestinal conditions that could have long-term health effects. It has been linked in numerous studies to malnutrition and growth problems, suggesting that it may contribute to the balance of nutritional status. H. pylori infection transmission in children can lead to a chain of events that have an impact on morbidity and mortality. This study uses analytical research techniques and a cross-sectional strategy to examine the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and young children's nutritional status. In order to confirm the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection, the patient had a HpSA Test. SECA digital scale was used to measure weight and height and was performed for nutritional status. Results of measurement: categorize the nutritional status curve in accordance with the CDC's or WHO's classification system based on the BW/BH index. According to the study's findings, individuals with poor nutritional status had higher rates of H. pylori infection (80% vs. 20%), but those with normal or excessive nutrition had lower rates (40.9% vs. 59.1%; 46.4% vs. 53.6%, respectively). However, based on the results of the chi-square test, there was no significant association between nutritional status and H. pylori infection (p=0.241). Although there is no association between nutritional status and the occurrence of H. pylori infection, the nutritional status of children in the group of children with H. pylori infection tends to be worse.

Abstract : Malnutrition affected organ system function. One of the systems involved is hematology. Children with malnutrition might have anemia, decreased reticulocyte count, leucocytosis, leucopenia, lymphopenia, and changes in the microenvironment of bone marrow. To identify the association between nutritional status and hematological profile of children hospitalized. Children who were one month to 5 years old admitted to the pediatric ward in Prof Dr. IGNG Ngoerah General Hospital Denpasar were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study. Antropometric and hematological data were collected from the medical record. The exclusion criteria included subjects with incomplete data, hematological disease, malignancy, sepsis, obesity, dengue infection, cyanotic congenital heart disease, and bleeding. For normally distributed data, independent T-tests were used in bivariate analysis. The non-normal data distribution was tested using the Mann-Whitney test. Multivariate analysis was performed using MANCOVA to identify the association between nutritional status and hematological parameters. This study was conducted from January to June 2021. Eighty subjects were included. Acute malnutrition occurred in 27.5% of subjects, and 17.5% of subjects had chronic malnutrition. This study showed nutritional status and hemoglobin level had a statistically significant difference (p value=0.003). Malnourished children had mild anemia (hemoglobin level 10.39+0.18 g/dl), while well-nourished children had normal hemoglobin levels (11.2+0,17 g/dl). Multivariate analysis revealed a statistically significant association between nutritional status and hemoglobin level (mean difference 0.58; 95%CI= -1.14 to -0.024). This study highlighted the association between nutritional status and hemoglobin level. Malnourished children tend to have mild anemia compared to well-nourished children.

Abstract : To assess the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in second trimester pregnant woman visiting tertiary care hospital and its effect on maternal and fetal morbidity. Clean catch midstream urine specimen of 506 pregnant woman belonging to 2nd trimester attending tertiary care hospital were collected in a sterile container and processes within 1 hour. If delayed, sample were refrigerated at 4degree celcius. Screening test such as wet mount, gram staining, hanging drop test were done. Cultures were done by semi quantitative method, nutrient agar, blood agar and cystine lactose electrolyte deficient medium(CLED) agar plates and incubated at 37degree Celsius for 24 hrs. Significant bacteriuria more than 1,00,000 CFU/ml of urine was confirmed by colony count. Organisms were identified and antibiotic sensitivity test of isolates were performed. Out of 506 pregnant women, 252 patients were identified by culture to have significant bacteriuria. Maximum patients belonged to age group (20-30 yrs) and highest percentage age of significant bacteriuria was identified in same age group. E.coli was most common organism followed by K.pnemonia. 15.82% was sensitie to ciprofloxacin followed by cotrimoxazole. The percentage of hydronephrosis is 10.29%. Incidence of oligohydrominos was found to be 16%. Onset of IUGR was found to be 5% higher in patient with asymptomatic bacteriuria. 21.9% babies were delivered preterm. Thus screening for Aymptomatic bacteriuria should be done in all 2nd trimester pregnant women and should be treated aggressively with suitable antibiotics to prevent various adverse events in pregnancy.

Abstract : The visceral adiposity index (VAI), which is linked to the risk of insulin resistance (IR), cerebrovascular illness, and metabolic syndrome, assesses the amount of damage to visceral adipose tissue. One of the most extensively used methods for determining IR is homeostatic insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The goal of this study was to determine whether or not the VAI score correlates with HOMA-IR in a group of young adults without diabetes. This is a cross-sectional research was done at Hasanuddin University Makassar from January to March 2021,. Anthropometric measurements were taken. Each person had testing for their lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin. Values for the VAI and HOMA-IR were calculated. As statistical tests, the Person Correlation Test, and Chi-square were utilized. As the results, 31.10±3.01 years was the average age. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve study revealed that the VAI cut-off value for HOMA-IR prediction in males was 2.37, while that in females was 2.25. VAI has a positive relationship with HOMA-IR in both men and women (p<0.001). The male group with a VAI value of greater than 2.37 had a 41.6 times greater potential of having an IR compared to the male group with a VAI value of less than 2.37. Female with a VAI value greater than 2.25 are 24.9 times more likely to have an IR than female with a VAI value less than 2.25. In conclusion, VAI has a significant correlation with HOMA-IR in the non-diabetic young adult population.

Abstract : Palatal injections are classified among the most painful dental injections. Therefore, it was necessary to find alternatives to this painful injection to enhance children's cooperation. It was mentioned in the dental literature that EMLA cream was used as a possible alternative to conventional injections, but its anesthetic effect was controversial, so it was useful to study the effect of chemical enhancers to rise the effectiveness of this cream. This trial aimed to evaluate for the first time the anesthetic efficiency and the pain related to the application of the mixture of the chemical permeability enhancer “dimethyl sulfoxide” with EMLA cream in comparison to EMLA cream only and conventional palatal injections in children. This randomized controlled trial included 90 children aged between 7- 11 years with one primary upper molar indicated to extraction. Participants were randomly assigned into three groups to anesthetize the palatal mucosa; G1 (control): conventional palatal anesthesia, G2: EMLA cream only, and G3: EMLA with DMSO. Then, the buccal mucosa was anesthetized with conventional anesthesia, and then the molar was extracted. The pain was assessed by the FLACC scale during palatal probing, and extraction. Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences between groups in FLACC scores of the palatal probing stage (P = 0.013). Mann-Whitney U showed a significant difference in pairwise comparisons between G1 and G2 during palatal probing (P = 0.035). The application of EMLA cream for 3 minutes is not sufficient to achieve palatal anesthesia, while the mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide with EMLA cream can be an efficient alternative to conventional palatal injections. Dental injection causes fear and anxiety in children, which leads to a change in their behavior and a loss of cooperation, so it is important to find alternative ways to perform good anesthesia to make dealing with children easier and more acceptable.