Abstract : Obesity is a growing global health concern characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, which contributes to the development of various metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers. This literature review explores the potential role of Diadema setosum gonads in preventing and managing obesity through their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The gonads of Diadema setosum are rich in bioactive compounds such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), flavonoids, saponins, carotenoids, and essential amino acids, all of which contribute to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and metabolic-regulating effects. Evidence from animal models suggests that these gonads can reduce body weight, improve lipid metabolism, and mitigate obesity-related complications, such as insulin resistance and fatty liver disease. Despite promising findings, further research, particularly human clinical trials, is needed to validate the efficacy and safety of Diadema setosum gonads as a functional food or nutraceutical for obesity prevention. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of marine-derived bioactive compounds in combating obesity and calls for future studies to better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms and optimal applications.