Search Results

Abstract : Malnutrition has become a significant public health challenge strongly associated with the substantial increase in the risk of mortality and morbidity in children. This study will be conducted to determine the geographical variation in nutritional status of under-five children and identify the spatial clusters based on demographic and household characteristics in Karkala taluk of Karnataka state, India, and replicate the same in other areas. The aggregated nutrition status data of children under five years are collected from the Udupi district health office for three years, validated at the village level. The anthropometry, topography, and socio-demographic data is collected by visiting the household. The retrospective discrete Poisson probability model will identify the clusters of underweight, stunting and wasting. Spatial autocorrelation statistics like Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) statistics of nutritional status will be analysed. The logistic regression model will be used to analyse the causes of clustering. The geo-coordinates of the households were summarised using a Cartesian coordinate system. The SaTScan statistic software (SaTScan v10.0.2) will be used to identify the spatial, Spatio-temporal clusters of underweight, stunting and wasting among under-five children. This software will detect the randomness of nutritional status of under-five children over space and space-time. The spatial data analysis and spatial autocorrelation will be carried out using GeoDa software. Spatial dependence of nutritional status will be analysed through the Global Moran's Index and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA). The observed and expected cases inside the window are considered for spatial and space-time cluster significance in SaTScan software. The LISA statistics will indicate the local pockets of non-randomness or hot spots. The LISA statistic is also used to assess the contribution of location on the magnitude of global figures. The Spatiotemporal and autocorrelation results can be used for risk analysis of malnutrition among under-five children by the policymaker for decision making.

Abstract : This paper aims to evaluate the effect of the alcoholic extract of the Vitex agnus castus on the histological structure of the testes of adult White rabbits. In this study, 12 White male rabbits were used, which were divided into two groups, The first being the control group and its number was 4 rabbits, and the second group included 8 rabbits, and this group in turn was divided into two groups with 4 rabbits for each group. The two groups of rabbits were injected with the alcoholic extract of the Vitex agnus castus at a concentration of 100 and 200 mg of extract/kg of body weight. One concentration per group is injected for 30th days. At the 30th days, the treated animals was sacrificed and the testes were removed from them, and then their tissues sections were prepared. The results obtained from this study showed that all the animals of the two groups of experiments that were treated with the extract showed a change in the thickness of the walls of the seminiferous tubes in the testes and their appearance became undulating and irregular. Also it was observed that some germ cells were Shed and depleted and collected in the lumen of seminiferous tubes and the appearance of Phagocytic cells inside the cavity and congeston of blood vessels. This study concludes that Vitex agnus castus can reduced the number of sperms in the testes and resulting in damage to the testes which the regularly usage can lead to infertility.

Abstract : Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an effective drug for the treatment of various autoimmune disorders. It has appropriate pharmacological properties that show its effectiveness in improving the control of parasitic infections such as malaria. It is rapidly absorbed into the plasma and excreted through the kidneys. This study was designed to investigate the effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) at two concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/kg/day on the histological structure of the kidney in an adult rabbit (Orectolagus cuniculus). The study was conducted on 18 rabbits, it was divided randomly and equally to three groups included a control group and a group that was treated with a concentration of 25 mg/kg/day of the drug, while the animals of the third group was injected with a dose of 50 mg/kg/day. The results of the histological study showed the occurrence of pathological histological changes to the kidneys in the group of animals treated with the drug of 25 and 50 mg/kg/day concentration, the most prominent of which was a clear congestion of blood in some blood vessels in the cortex area and between the epithelial cells lining the glomeruli. It also showed a clear cellular infiltration near the blood vessel. Degeneration of the lining of the epithelial cells of some renal tubules, especially the proximal convoluted tubules, and the separation of tubule cells from the detached basement membrane and their gathering in the lumen of the tubules in most tissue sections was observed. It was also found that the glomerulus was enlarged and that treatment with this drug led to a decrease in Bowman’s space, in addition to an increase in the thickness and density of the basement membrane of the urinary tubules. Glomerular cells suffered from accumulation, shrinking, enlargement capsular space, and cell death. It can conclude from the above results that the hydroxychloroquine drug has clear effects on the histological structure of the kidneys.

Abstract : This study aimed to systematically assess the impact of psychotropic medication-induced sexual dysfunction on all sexes and to outline the safety of relevant medical interventions. Several databases were searched using key terms to derive pertinent data across randomly selected population groups. Viable literature was screened using eligibility criteria, selecting the most vital and reliable information. Conflicting information and heterogeneity across studies required a systematic narrative to represent the included data. A bias risk summary was calculated using the Cochrane Tool for Risk of Bias calculation. Our search yielded more than 2000 eligible studies. Further stratification was performed to eliminate non-pertinent data, and characteristics of selected studies were tabulated. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and typical antipsychotics were strongly associated with sexual dysfunction across various study populations. Switching from SSRIs to serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and/or switching from prolactin-raising antipsychotic psychotropic medication was associated with improved sexual function. Pharmacological interventions were suggested by a majority of the included studies. Non-pharmacological interventions were associated with improved sexual function across all sexes. Several extracts, including maca root, saffron, and rosa damascene oil, were associated with improved sexual function.

Abstract : Used of Immunomodulator and anti-inflammatory drug is a new application in the treatment disease. The most immunomodulator and anti-inflammatory was from medicinal plants. Mentha pulegium L (MTH) is traditional medicinal plant widely used in the world, in this study investigated the Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity of MTH leaves ethanol extract and its fractions with the effect of angiogenesis cytokine gene expression and production. Macrophage RAW 264.7 cell was used to investigate the Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effect both MTH leaves extract and fractions. The results were showed significant increase in the viability of treated RAW 264.7 cell with MTH leaves extract and fraction1 and inhibited Nitric oxide production, while enhancement the production of angiogenesis cytokine and increased intracellular production of INF-  , IL6 and IL8 in dose dependent manner. In conclusion of the outcome the M. pulegium L leaves extract be as new Immunomodulation and anti-inflammatorydrug.