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Abstract : This study examined maternal and offspring reproductive hormone levels following prenatal stress exposure and the chances of nature of stress reversal responses in female Wistar rats. 72 Wistar rats weighing between 160-200g and aged between 12-14weeks was used for the phase I of the study while 18 offspring from stressed parents were utilized for phase II respectively. Three (3) stress models were used to induce stress in the animals. Serum LH, FSH, estrogen and progesterone was assayed using ELISA analyzer. Data collected were analyzed for Mean±SEM and one way ANOVA statistic while Fisher’s LSD was used for post hoc test at p-value <0.05 level of significant. Exposure to the stressors had variable effects on serum levels of the reproductive hormones. Findings from the study revealed that variations in the level of the hormones examined depended on the nature of stressor used and the specific hormone concerned. For LH, exposure to the restraint and mirror stressors significantly increased (p<0.05) the level beyond the control level but the intruder stressor caused a decrease (p<0.05). For FSH, the only significant (p<0.05) alteration in the level of the hormone was observed when mirror stressor was used to induce stress in the rats. It caused an increase in the level of FSH beyond the control level. With respect to estrogen and progesterone, exposure of the female Wistar rats to the respective stressors studied could not produce significant alteration in serum levels of the hormones. Serum LH and FSH levels of the offspring of intruder stressor stressed-parents were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the level in the control rats. The level of serum estrogen and progesterone of the offspring was significantly (p<0.05) decreased. Withdrawal of stressor from stressed rats caused the reversal of serum levels of LH and FSH towards their respective levels in the unstressed (control) rats. In conclusion, exposure to different stressors induces stress of different intensity in the Wistar rats and this may explains the variable responses of the pregnant Wistar rats to different stressors. In all, continued exposure of the rats to stressful condition has the tendency of compromising the integrity of reproductive hormones and chances of fertility.

Abstract : Breast cancer has become the most common cancer in India. [GLOBCAN 2020]. These patients have either modified radical mastectomy (MRM) or breast conservation surgery as a curative surgical option as per the stage, suitability and preference of the patient. The aim of the study was to find out the difference in QOL of the patients who had completed their treatment with respect to type of surgery. Fifty-two patients who had completed their treatment with surgery (either MRM or BCS) followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy for breast cancer were enrolled into the study after informed consent. After 1 year of completion of the treatment, the response to the QOL questionnaires from city of hope were obtained. The QOL scores were tabulated and mean of the QOL outcomes were compared with independent T test or mann-whitney U test and analysed with SPSS V21. The mean age group of the patients undergoing MRM was 46.7 ± 10.2 years and BCS was 41.7 ± 7.2 years. There was no difference in Patients undergoing MRM or BCS according to age group (P = 0.234), education level. (P= 0.399), socio-economic status (0.345). Patients in both groups had coped well with physical, psychological, social and spiritual wellbeing related issues and there was no difference on these QOL parameters after 1-year of completion of treatment as per the type of surgery. Our patient population seems to be maintaining a good quality of life and in control of their different aspects in life and there seems no difference in gross QOL in terms of type of surgery in patients of eastern India. As QOL is not much different in both the groups clinical decision and patient preference may guide the decision about type of surgery in patients.

Abstract : The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the highly contagious infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to many devastating consequences and a significant decrease in the access and search for diagnosis and treatment of other diseases that also have a historically major impact on public health, such as cancer. So we aimed to study the postoperative complications in post COVID-19 positive cancer patients. This retrospective observational, cross-sectional, non-comparative study, carried out in the department of surgical oncology, Acharya Harihar Post Graduate Institute of Cancer for a duration of one year from 1st July 2020 till 30th June 2021. Results: Out of 760 patients, 60 (7.9%) patients tested positive for COVID-19 during this study period. Fourteen patients out of 60 were operated on after being COVID-19 negative and after 4 weeks of the initial positive test. Out of these 14 patients, (six carcinoma breast, three carcinoma stomach, two carcinoma rectosigmoid, one carcinoma jejunum, one carcinoma colon, and one head and neck cancer), seven patients were female and seven were male. The post-operative course was uneventful in all 14 patients apart from minor postoperative complications. In this study, no COVID-19 related morbidity or mortality was observed in electively operated patients. So, based on this data, the beneficial role of mandatory testing for COVID-19 before elective cancer surgery can be concluded.

Abstract : TORCH (Toxoplasmosis, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes Simplex) infections are diagnosed by examining the blood for the presence of antibodies of the IgM, and IgG classes to the pathogens of toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes. Determine the concentration of antibodies to the listed pathogens. If there are antibodies, this does not mean that the person is necessarily sick. This may mean that he once had this infection and is immune to it. However, if the number of antibodies to a particular infection is very high or increases over time, this already indicates the activity of the process. Moreover, clinically, the disease may not manifest itself or manifest itself in dim, erased forms. The severity of the external manifestations of the disease is in no way connected with the danger of its impact on the fetus. With a pronounced disease, the fetus can remain healthy, and, conversely, in the absence of clinical manifestations, the fetus may or may not be severely affected. Antibodies of Class IgM in the blood appear 2-4 weeks after infection and disappear after 3-9 months. By 3-4 weeks, antibodies of the IgG class appear, and their concentration gradually increases and reaches a peak by 2-5 months from infection. Antibodies of the IgG class remain in the blood for a long time, sometimes for life. If a woman planning a pregnancy, as well as a pregnant woman up to 12 weeks of gestation, is found to have negative.

Abstract :

Amoebiasis is a disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica parasite, which considered one of the first three parasites of causing death worldwide. Infection rate became more common in non-endemic regions. Despite the majority of persons infected with this parasite, but they keep asymptomatic, some patients show amoebic colitis. This review outlines the current knowledge related to Entamoeba histolytica.