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Abstract : Imaging of renal calculi is crucial for selection of therapeutic options. Abdominal sonography and radiography are frequently indicated for stone detection with debatable indications. Study the superiority of KUB radiography or ultrasonography, as a single preliminary modality for detection of renal stone. I00 patients were selected (aged 47.9±13.1years, 76% were males) presented with renal colic. All are subjected to thorough history, abdominal radiograms, and ultrasonography. Those with ultrasonographic findings of urinary stone were enrolled, and classified according to stone size into groups of (<5.0mm), (5.0-10.0mm), and(>10.0mm). Mean patients age was 47.9±13.1years, with male predominance. Around 2/3rd of the stones were radiopaque. 43% of the stones were detected in the middle kidney pole, 31% in the ureter at different levels, 27% in the lower pole, and 16% of the stones had mixed locations. 3/4th of the cases had calcium oxalate type of stones. More than one stone revealed variable sides, locations, and types. Ultrasonography has a superior sensitivity over the KUB radiography in detecting urate and amorphous stones, besides some of the calcium, oxalate and phosphate stones. The small-sized and some of the moderate-sized stones were undetectable by the radiography, while all stone sizes can be detected by the ultrasounds. Compared with plain radiography, ultrasonography is an ultimate preliminary imaging modality for kidney stones. Adding innovative approaches can further expand the precision of stone analysis. KUB radiography in detecting small nephrolithiasis is of restricted value.

Abstract : India is amongst the worst hit countries by the SARS Corona Virus-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. There has been an alarming rise in incidence of COVID-19 associated Mucormycosis (CAM) in patients suffering from co-morbidities. The present study aimed at studying the epidemiology, clinical features, and outcomes of CAM patients. This is a retrospective study conducted in tertiary care hospital in South India from May 2021 to July 2021. Patients who were admitted with COVID-19 infection and had Mucomycosis were included in the study. The epidemiology, clinical features and outcomes of these patients were studied. Twenty-two patients of CAM were included in the study. There was a male preponderance with the male to female ratio being 1:4.5. Diabetes was the most common comorbidity (n=15; 68.18%). Majority of the patients (n=21; 95.46 %) had suffered from moderate to severe covid illness. Invasive fungal sinusitis was the most common (n=14; 63.64%) radiological finding. Most patients (n=20; 90.9%) had received steroids as part of treatment for covid 19 illness. Patients were managed with the combination of both medical and surgical treatment and 18 patients underwent (81.81%) surgical procedure. Nineteen patients (n=19; 82%) recovered after treatment. COVID-19 associated Mucor mycosis has a worse prognosis when accompanied with poor glycemic control, severe COVID-19 illness, and anatomical extent of fungal infection.

Abstract : Gentamicin one of Aminoglycoside antibiotics which is worldwide used to treat different microbial infection. Gentamicin cause various side effect in the recipient specially nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity as its reported by many studies. This drug causes higher damage in testicular tissues. The Prosopis fracta (PF) is a plant which has been used since ancient times as a type of traditional healing medicine in many parts of the world. The objective of this study include searching for the effectiveness of this plant in protection and / or ability of it in reduce the toxic effect of gentamicin in testicular tissues. The study performed on twenty-four Wistar male rats, weighing 200-250 gm. These rats divided into four groups: control group which kept on normal saline; group I provide gentamicin 100mg/kg, group II Low PF Dose (LPcD) which provide with same dose of gentamicin plus 100mg/kg of Prosopis fracta extract and group III High PF Dose (HPcD) which provide with same dose of gentamicin plus 200mg/kg of Prosopis fracta extract. After 10 days of the study all animals sacrificed and the testicular tissues blocks which prepared by paraffin method studded using H&E stain and immunohistochemical stain using Bcl-2 antibody. Gentamicin group G1 showed highly histopathological change including hyperplasia of leyding cells, necrosis of sertoli and spermatogenic cells, pykonotic nucleus of spermatogenic cells, deposition of acidophilic materials between tubules and necrosis of seminal tubules, congestion of blood vessels and increase thickness of tunica albuginea. In addition to that, this group showed strong positive reaction with the Blc-2 antibodies comparing with the control group. The third group G2 (LPcD) which provided with low dose of Prosopis fracta extract showed deposition of acidophilic materials, hyperplasia of Leydig cells, vacuolar degenerating in spermatogenic cells with little increasing in tunica albuginea thicknesses. The Blc-2 antibodies reaction showed weak positive result. The last group of the study G3 (HPcD) showed less histopathological changes and the group result of Bcl-2 reaction reveal to weak positive. The study confirms the histological toxicity of Gentamicin in testicular tissue and the positive result of Blc-2 ab reveal the ability of this drug in causing hyperplasia, pre tumor and apoptosis in testicular cells also the study elucidated the Prosopis fracta extract role in protection and curtailing of gentamicin toxicity effect in testicular tissue.

Abstract : There is nothing more fulfilling than seeing a child healthy and happy. Every child has the right to be protected from all forms of abuse, discrimination and exploitation, and the right to protection is the right to live in a safe and protected environment that preserves the well-being of the child. The aim of present study to determine the effectiveness of the educational program on teachers' knowledge and attitudes toward school violence and find out the relationship between teachers' knowledge and attitudes with regard to demographic characteristics. A quasi-experimental design was implemented through the current study with the application of pre-program testing, and post-program testing for the study group from September 15, 2020 to May 10, 2022. The researcher created the program and tools to reach the study objectives. A purposeful, non-probability sample of (80) primary teachers was selected so that the data are representative and accurate. The sample size (80) teachers divided into two groups. The selected teachers were equally distributed to two groups (study and control) (40) participants per group. During the study group, the educational program dealing with school violence presented online was shown. The program was not shown to the control group at all. The effectiveness of the management program is measured using a knowledge test that includes (31) items. (15) items knowledge regarding the causes of child violence, (16) items regarding signs that may alert that the child may exposed to violence. The results of the study indicated that the study group had poor knowledge regarding causes of violence, poor knowledge regarding the signs that may alert that the child may expose to violence, while there was an improvement in study group knowledge at the post-test about the causes of violence, also improvement in signs may alert that the child may expose to violence. The results of the study indicated that the study group had negative attitudes toward school violence while there was an improvement in their attitudes in the post-test after applying the program. The violence Management Program works to enhance teachers' knowledge regarding the causes and signs that may alert that the child may exposed to violence, as well as enhance their attitudes toward the phenomenon of school violence. There was an improvement in teachers' knowledge and attitudes after the study group exposed to an educational program related to violence management. While the control group did not show any improvement with regard to knowledge and attitudes of school violence in pre and posttest. High teachers’ education level effect on their knowledge positively; Age, marital status, and educational level affected their attitudes toward school violence.

Abstract : The present study included microscopic and molecular diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica in the stool samples of patients attended to Al Alawia Teaching Hospital and Central Child Teaching Hospital in Baghdad Governorate, Iraq for the period from 1st October 2020 to 1st August 2021. The fecal samples were examined microscopically by a direct wet mount then the fecal samples were molecularly examined using specific primers to detect four virulence factors possessed by the parasite E. histolytica. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized from Pseudomonas aeruginosa which producing Pyocyanin pigment as a reducing agent to form Titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The biosynthetic titanium dioxide was characterized using several tests (XRD, scanning electron microscopy FE-SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR, UV visible spectroscopy). Histological changes in mice infected with E. histolytica, microscopic examination revealed severe amoebic colitis, which was characterized by thickening of the mucous layer with epithelial sloughing and the appearance of small and multiple ulcers in mucous layer as well as bleeding and congestion. Trophozoites were also observed in the enlarged sections in the remnants of sloughed and necrotic mucosal and epithelial cells. Our results showed that treatment with biosynthesized Titanium dioxide nanoparticles has a significant role in restoring the normal appearance of colonic epithelial and mucous cell so this shows the effectiveness of this Nanomaterial as an antiparasitic in curing the genes responsible for parasite virulence factors and thus reducing pathogenicity.