Abstract :
Infection in burn wounds is a major issue globally and more so in developing countries leading to post-operative illness, infection of burn wounds is one of the most common cause of mortality in burn patients and accounts for significant number of nosocomial infections. The bacteriological profile can change over a time period in the individual patient. Thus, there is a need for periodic surveillance of anti-biogram of bacteria, hence the present study was conducted. This was a retrospective study conducted in department of Microbiology at a tertiary care hospital in North Karnataka region. Burn wound cultures and anti-biogram was done at the time of admission. Under strict aseptic conditions samples were collected from burn wounds and were sent immediately to microbiology laboratory for inoculation on agar plates. Blood and McConkey agar were used for cultures. The isolated organisms were identified based on their microscopy, colony morphology, biochemical reaction and cultural characteristics per the standard procedures. Among the 217 burn wounds, a total of 239 bacteria were isolated. 194 cases had monomicrobial infection and 23 cases of infection were polymicrobial, only two cases of polymicrobial infections had fungal infection. The most common bacteria isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (36.8%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (29.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (24.6%). Highest resistance to Staphylococcus aureus was seen with Ampicillin (69%), Amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (59.1%), Gentamicin (59.1%) and Ciprofloxacin (59.1%). Staphylococcus aureus was 100% sensitive to Vancomycin and Linezolid. Highest resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa was seen with Ciprofloxacin (67.4%), Levofloxacin (60.2%), Gentamicin (53.4%) and Amikacin (48.8%). No antibiotic was 100% sensitive to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Highest resistance to Klebsiella pneumoniae was seen with Ampicillin (69.4%), Amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (44%) and Levofloxacin (40.6%). No resistance (100% sensitivity) was seen with Piperacillin-Tazobactam and Imipenem. To prevent emergence of multidrug resistant organism in burn wound patients, periodic anti-biogram studies are essential to know the changing susceptibility pattern of micro-organisms and empirical therapy should be initiated findings of the susceptibility studies.