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Abstract : Medroxyprogesterone is a synthetic progestogen (Progestin) derivative released as a contraceptive. Medroxyprogesterone and other progestins are suspected to negatively influence lipid level by various mechanisms. The objective of this research is to study the consequences of 8 weeks of exposure of albino rats to medroxyprogesterone on lipid profile. All experiments were ethically approved. This study was conducted on a treated group and a control group of female rats; each group includes 10 rats. The first group to compare the effects of medroxyprogesterone before and after use. The second is a weight-matched control group of albino rats which were not exposed to hormonal contraceptives to ensure that there was no change in lipids level during the study period by testing these parameters at the start and end of the study. The lipid profile investigation showed statistically significant changes in the treated rats before and treatment in all lipid parameters, including total cholesterol (TC) (118±7 mg/dl vs 128±5 mg/dl, p<0.01), low-density lipoprotein (45±5 mg/dl vs 59±4 mg/dl, p<0.001), very low density lipoprotein ( 23±1 mg/dl vs 24±1 mg/dl, p<0.05), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (51±3 mg/dl vs 45±2 mg/dl, p<0.001), triglycerides (114±6 mg/dl vs 122±5 mg/dl, p<0.05), and TC/HDL (2±0.2 vs 2.9±0.1 p<0.01) compared to nonsignificant changes in the control group. The findings of this study confirm that the use of medroxyprogesterone could predispose to future negative effects as a result of high levels of all lipids, except for the low level of HDL, in the serum. Such negative effects may include cardiovascular problems like ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular accidents.

Abstract : Adherence to protective measures reluctance and unwilling were a key impediment in obtaining protection and population immunity against coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The purpose of this research is to determine level of compliance toward covid 19 protective measures. Medical students from Al-Kindy College of Medicine/ Iraq participated in a cross-sectional research. In the year 2021, 1093 premeds were polled using a Google Forms questionnaire. A total of 1093 adults participated in this study. The majority were females 62.6% while males were 38.4%. The mean age of participants is 19.64±2.1 yrs. 37% of participants have stated that they wear mask always, while 59% wear it sometimes and 4 % never wear mask. Females were more adherent to wearing masks with a high statistical significance at p=0.001. First stage is more adherent to wearing masks as compared to second and third stage with high statistical significance at p<0.001. 22.2% of participants stated that they wear gloves always. There was no statistical significance between genders. However, there was significant difference in terms of residence which showing that Baghdad residents are more compliant with wearing gloves at p=0.002. Moreover, there was a statistical significance in wearing gloves between different stages in which the second stage is more compliant at p=0.18. Using antiseptics is not common as only 17% pf participants have stated that they use it always. Females were more compliant compared to males with high statistical significance at p=0.001. In terms of face shield using, most of them never used it (84% of participants). No statistical significance as noted regarding gender, residence or stage parameters. Nearly half of participants have taken covid -19 vaccine before getting infected (48%). Getting infected had no triggering effect to take vaccine that the percentage was only 46%. The information gathered will aid in identifying potential issues that must be addressed to achieve sufficient compliance among medical students.

Abstract : Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) provides some context. The clinical manifestations and disease course of PsA might vary greatly from one region of the world to another. The oligoarticular type, which was formerly believed to be the most common, has been replaced by the polyarticular type. The purpose of this research is to gain a better understanding of the clinical patterns associated with psoriatic arthritis in Mosul. Within the confines of a local hospital, fifty patients diagnosed with PsA took part in a case series investigation that lasted for a period of half a year. For the purpose of determining the level of severity of the skin condition, the Psoriatic Area and Severity Index (PASI) was utilized. PsA was diagnosed by applying the CASPAR criteria for the condition. The classification criteria developed by Moll and Wright were utilized in order to categorize the number and pattern of swollen and painful joints. Plaque-type psoriasis was the clinical form of psoriasis that was observed in the greatest number of people overall. In most cases, symptoms of psoriatic arthritis did not appear until the patient was 40.4 years old. The symmetrical polyarthritis was the clinical symptom that was seen in the most patients (35, or 70 percent), making it the most prevalent clinical manifestation. The clinical presentation of psoriatic arthritis varies greatly from one part of the world to another. The symmetrical form of polyarthritis is the most common type of the condition.

Abstract : Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that primarily manifests in the joints but can also spread to other organs and tissues throughout the body. A possible connection between RA and depression has been suggested by recent research. Depression is more common in people with RA than the general population, and it's been linked to worsened symptoms like pain and fatigue as well as decreased satisfaction with life overall, more physical limitations, and higher medical bills. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of depression among patients with a confirmed diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, as well as to examine the correlation between depression and disease activity. In this case-control study, 50 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of RA according to the ACR/EULAR criteria for Rheumatoid Arthritis were matched with 50 healthy individuals. Questionnaires and in-person interviews were used to compile the data. The PHQ-9 is a validated measure of depression according to the DSM-IV criteria. The Clinical Disease Activity Index was used to quantify disease burden (CDAI). The average ages of the patients and controls were 47.3 (12.8) and 38.1, respectively. There were 39 depressed patients out of 50 total, but only 22 depressed controls. Patients with RA had an increased risk of clinical depression and its symptoms were related to disease activity. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis were found to have a disproportionately high rate of depression, and this was linked to worsened disease outcomes.

Abstract : Multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplastic clone of plasma cells in the bone marrow that causes more than one-tenth of all hematologic malignancies with an annual incidence of sixty cases/million. The clinical features of MM are heterogeneous, including bone pain, bone fracture, anemia, impaired humoral immunity, and renal malfunction. MM affects the kidneys in varied ways, injuring glomeruli, tubules, and interstitium. The effect of multiple myeloma on the glomerulus is due to light chain (LC), heavy chain (HC) deposition, and amyloidosis. Damage to the kidney tubules by cast formation in MM is called myeloma kidney or cast nephropathy. Kidney involvement in MM significantly affects long-term outcomes. Monoclonal gammopathies, amyloidosis, dehydration, hypercalcemia, cryoglobulinemia, and others are precipitating factors for kidney dysfunction in MM. Although the pathogenesis of MM-associated nephropathy is not well understood, MM causes high serum levels of immunoglobulins (Igs), leading to a high ratio of lambda- and kappa-free chains in serum and filtrate, leading to direct or indirect nephron damage. Serum Igs and free light chain levels reduction by chemotherapy, plasmapheresis, or cutoff hemodialysis significantly affect the outcome. Furthermore, increasing the rate of FLC excretion by good hydration and urine alkalization are the cornerstones for MM-induced nephropathy prevention. In this clinically oriented review, updates and prospects are discussed. The databases PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Google, and Scopus, were searched for literature on MM-induced nephropathies. We utilized keywords, sentences, and phrases, including CKD and myeloma, amyloidosis in multiple myeloma, light and heavy chain kidney diseases in myeloma, myeloma kidney, free light chain disease, renal failure, amyloidosis, kidney and myeloproliferative diseases, CKD pathogenesis in MM, update in MM pathogenesis, and treatment.