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Abstract : Gallstone diseases (especially choledocholithiasis) are a significant health issue because they have high incidence due to changes in lifestyle, diet pattern, and sedentary lifestyle, increasing health costs. The prevalence of choledocholithiasis comprises 12% of the adult population in the US. Aside from lifestyle changes, choledocholithiasis is also affected by other factors such as age, gender, genetics, factors related to metabolic syndrome, diet, and medicines consumed. The liver function test is the biochemical test of choice for gallstones and bile duct stones patients where increased ALP enzyme level with GGT can help in establishing the diagnosis of blockage of the bile duct. Therefore, this study is conducted to determine the profile of bile duct stone patients who underwent ERCP in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar. This is an observational descriptive study with a retrospective cohort approach using a purposive sampling method on bile duct stones patients who underwent ERCP. The results revealed that bile duct stones are mostly found in men (61%), 45-59 years old (40.6%), non-obesity (76.3%), prediabetes (42.4%), non-hyperlipidemia (89%), increased level of AST/SGOT (72%), ALT/SGPT (77%), GGT (76.2%), total bilirubin (81.4%), and direct bilirubin (75.4%). Thus, it concludes that the profile of choledocholithiasis patients in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital Makassar in November 2021-November 2022 are mostly men, aged 45-59 years old, without obesity, have prediabetic status, hyperlipidemia, and increased level of AST/SGOT, ALT/SGPT, GGT, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin.

Abstract : Resveratrol has a potential protective effect on several major eye disorders such as age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, cataracts, and diabetic retinopathy through several pathways, namely anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-angiogenesis In this study, an in vivo study was carried out on experimental animals of Rattus Norvegicus which were given an intervention by injection of intravitreal Resveratrol after ischemia-reperfusion injury to assess the expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and the number of retinal ganglion cells stained with Brn3a. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury was done through cannulation in the anterior chamber and pressure was maintained at 110 mmHg for 60 minutes. Resveratrol (RSV) 100M was injected intravitreally in the RSV+IR7 group. After 7 days, the rat’s eye was enucleated. Immunohistochemistry of TNF-α expression in the retina and the number of RGC stained with Brn3a were evaluated. Intravitreal injection of Resveratrol at 100 µM effectively reduced the TNF-α expression compared to the PBS+IR7 group (P< 0.05) suggesting the anti-inflammatory effect of RSV intravitreal after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Intravitreal injection of Resveratrol enhance the survival of retinal ganglion cells (2.66 ± 0.73) in 7 days compared to the PBS+IR7 group (p<0.001). This study showed that Resveratrol intravitreal helps preserve retinal ganglion cells and suppress TNF-α expression after ischemia-reperfusion injury in the animal model.

Abstract : The purpose of this study is to analyze public perceptions that have been grouped according to socio-economic characteristics of the Covid-19 incident. This research is a quantitative research with a cross sectional study design. This study uses a survey method using a questionnaire instrument and with the aim of analyzing the relationship between socio-economic characteristics variables and public perceptions and the incidence of the Covid-19 virus outbreak in the city of Makassar. The research was conducted in Makassar City by taking samples in the form of people who experienced the Covid-19 outbreak which had been grouped into 8 community groups based on socio-economic conditions. The sample size in this study was 200 respondents where each group of people who had been determined were taken at random as many as 25 people per group. The data processing and analysis technique in this study uses univariate and multivariate analysis to confirm whether the analysis of the perceptions and socio-economic characteristics of the community on the occurrence of the Covid-19 virus outbreak is in accordance with the hypothesis. The results show that the socio-economic characteristics of the Makassar city community group are a representative picture of community groups who provide perceptions regarding the occurrence of the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak. Most gave the perception that the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak had a significant impact, resulting in changes in life patterns and even the occurrence of the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak caused by the SARS CoV-2 virus which can cause severe illness and result in death.

Abstract : Breast Cancer is a malignancy in the breast that often occurs in women and is the second leading cause of death after lung cancer. Mastectomy is a treatment that is performed to treat breast cancer. Several factors affect a person doing a mastectomy, including the motivation and attitude of the client with breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to be able to explain the effect of attitudes and motivation on mastectomy in breast cancer clients in Indonesia. The research design used was research with correlation analytic design and using a cross-sectional approach. The sample in this study was breast cancer patients at Indonesia. The sampling technique used in this study was Consecutive sampling. The results of the analysis were obtained from 83 respondents. The majority of respondents did mastectomy (51.8%), had negative attitudes (57.8%), and had the weak motivation (57.8%). There was a relationship between attitudes toward mastectomy with statistical test results obtained p value =0.030, and there is a relationship between motivation and mastectomy with the results of the statistical test obtained p = 0.002. It is expected that nurses as providers of nursing care can continue to motivate clients with breast cancer to always try to do the right management.

Abstract : The study was conducted in the Baghdad City during the period between March 12, 2020, and January 5, 2021, at Al-Elwiya Maternity teaching hospital. The study is a retrospective analysis of the neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 admitted and delivered at Covid-19 Hospital (NH). Data on 100 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 Infected newborns and children may be asymptomatic. It may also present with signs of severe respiratory distress. The study showed that there was a significant relation between sex of neonate and infection of Covid-19 and a significant relation with preterm birth too Sepsis was available in a more prominent extent among SARS-COV-2 contaminated children when contrasted with uninfected youngsters. The danger of sepsis was higher in the children with SARS- CoV-2 infected gathering when contrasted with the noninfected bunch, 2% had hypocalcemia, 7% had hypoglycemia and 15% had hyperbilirubinemia. The risk of fever in SARS-CoV-2 tainted youngsters was higher in covid patients when contrasted with noninfected infants, albeit this expansion was not critical measurably. Helpless taking care of was fundamentally more normal among SARS- CoV-2 contaminated children (11%). Among the companion of 33 contaminated children, one infant had an inconsistent shadow reminiscent of pneumonia. The correlation of the board systems utilized for tainted and noninfected youngsters of moms with COVID-19 is introduced in Table 4% SARS-CoV-2 tainted children required concentrated consideration for the board. The requirement for sack and cover, CPAP, and the ventilator was occasions higher in SARS-CoV-2 contaminated children than noninfected, notwithstanding, the utilization of CPAP was just genuinely huge. There is a higher risk of adverse outcomes such as neonatal sepsis and death in the SARS-CoV-2 infected as compared to the noninfected neonates.