Abstract : Several studies were conducted on materials that help bone defects to heal, as they were compared to find out the best material in terms of speed, quality, bone formation, absorption following the grafting, and economic cost, The aim of this research is to study the effect of a new material, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) carried on a gelatinous foam scaffold in comparison with the Xenograft BioOss® in the management of bone defects made in rabbit thighs radial and histological. The sample included 10 male rabbits at the age of one year. Each rabbit had 4 identical cylindrical holes with a diameter of 5 mm and a length of 5 mm within the femur, so that each hole belongs to a group. It was placed within the holes of the first group BMP2 with a gelatin sponge, and the defects of the second group were left empty. A gelatin sponge was placed alone within the holes of the third group, and the BioOss® graft was placed within the defects of the last group. The radiographic evaluation was conducted after one month and two months after the surgical work, and the histological assessment was conducted two months after the surgical work. A ONE-WAY ANOVA test was conducted, and it was found that there was a difference between the four groups, and when comparing each two groups separately using the TUKEY test, it was found that healing in the holes in which BMP2 was placed was better than healing in the holes in which the gelatin sponge was placed and also those that were left for spontaneous healing, but There was no significant difference between it and the healing in the holes filled with BioOss®. The use of a gelatin sponge impregnated with Bone Morphogenetic Proteins improves and accelerates the healing of bone defects and is comparable to the effectiveness of using a BioOss® graft.