Abstract : Patients with thalassemia, need regular blood transfusions, putting them at high-risk of exposure to blood-borne viruses. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV, protection against HBV infection and genotyping of HBV and HCV among thalassemia patients in Duhok, Iraq. 152 thalassemia patients 71(46.7%) male, 81(53.3%) female from the Jeen Thalassemia Center in Duhok, Iraq, participated in cross-sectional research. Blood samples were collected from participants, ELISA kits were used for serological screening of HBsAg, and anti-HCV. To assess immunity status, all HBsAg-negative samples underwent further anti-HBs testing. Liver enzymes were checked. Molecular analysis was performed on samples that tested positive for HBsAg and Anti HCV followed by genotyping. Demographic characteristics were collected and analyzed. Participants age ranged from 1 to 45 years (mean and SD = 1.53±0.5), out of 152 samples, one (0.65%) tested positive for HBsAg, while 48(31.58%) tested positive for Anti-HCV, Furthermore, anti-HBs testing revealed 101 (66.45%) were positive, but age group (11-20) had lowest percentage (For AntiHBs). only one sample with AntiHCV (0.65%) tested positive for HCV-RNA with genotype 3. and genotype D, subgenotype D1 for the HBsAg-positive sample. The need for better blood born viruses screening and surveillance in Duhok is highlighted by the high incidence of Anti HCV among thalassemia patients. Given the low incidence of HBV infection, the HBV immunization seems to be successful although there is low prevalence of Anti HBs antibodies in several age groups. genotype 3 is not common in this region.