Abstract : To observe and prospectively investigate the impairment of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function in patients after first episode of acute pancreatitis as well as establishment of predictors for new onset diabetes in such patients. 1. To assess the proportion of early new onset diabetes mellitus after first episode of acute pancreatitis, 2. To identify and predict the etiopathological characteristics that account for development of early new onset diabetes mellitus after first episode of acute pancreatitis, 3. To possibly develop a predictor scoring system for predicting new onset diabetes at time of admission for first episode of acute pancreatitis. Patients were selected as per the inclusion criteria, all non-diabetic with first episode of acute pancreatitis. An observational, prospective and longitudinal study was conducted. All patients were followed up after 3 months. In the present study we found that acute pancreatitis is a major risk factor for diabetes mellitus. Cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen, hemoglobin, WBC, PCV, platelet count, organ failure and severe acute pancreatitis could be the crucial factors in predicting the development of diabetes mellitus following acute pancreatitis. These findings are important for setting up adequate follow-up strategies after acute pancreatitis, in order to diagnose diabetes. Our findings strongly highlight the importance of regular long-term follow-up for endocrine function in patients after acute pancreatitis, the early diagnosis and treatment of endocrine impairment can also help the population prevent deterioration of pancreatic exocrine function.