Abstract :
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p. a.) multidrug resistance strains have been seen all over the world and pose a severe health risk. The current study sought to determine the prevalence of these bacteria in several samples from Duhok, Iraq. Isolated P. a. samples were tested for antibiotic sensitivity for quinolones, aminoglycoside, meropenem, ampicillin, cephalosporin and others using the VITEK2 compact system, and then conventional PCR technique was used to test for the presence of five plasmid genes (qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qepA, aac(6)-Ib) that are responsible for quinolone resistance. Ninety-two samples of P.s. isolates, all were taken from patients with various clinical presentations. Urine, burn swabs, blood, pus, wound swabs, ear discharge, and bronchioalveolar lavage were among the pathological samples that were mostly obtained from Azadi Teaching Hospital. After cultivation, carbapenem (64.1%) was the most effective antibiotic. Quinolones effectiveness varies from 3.26% for nalidixic acid to 55.44% for norfloxacin. The incidence of multidrug resistance or pan drug resistant bacteria was unexpectedly very high among 21 (22.8%) isolates. Isolates with qnrB positive stain were significantly resistant to amikacin when tested using the one-way ANOVA method. Isolates with aac(6)-Ib confirm resistance to various antibiotics, including aztreonam, ceftazidime, meropenem, and carbapenem. As a result of the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains that are both multi- and pan-drug resistant in the area, ongoing research is required to find new medications to treat them. Strict adherence to the necessary regulations is also essential to prevent the emergence of strains of these bacteria that are resistant to any newly developed antibiotic.