Abstract : The aim of this study is to determine the frequency and distribution of lung diseases diagnosed by radiological methods in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic between 2025 and 2026, and specifically to evaluate the differences by gender. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,000 patients in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Radiological imaging methods, such as chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT), were performed on all participants. Diagnoses were established based on imaging findings, and the gender distribution of the diseases was analyzed. A total of 22 different lung diseases were identified. The most common diseases were found to be chronic bronchitis (309 patients, 30.9%) and pneumonia (158 patients, 15.8%). Notably, both chronic bronchitis and pneumonia were found to be significantly more dominant in females compared to males. The findings reveal that lung diseases show a differential distribution by gender in the Nakhchivan population. The higher prevalence of chronic bronchitis and pneumonia in females may be associated with biological, environmental, genetic, or sociocultural factors (e.g., indoor air pollution, differences in smoking habits, access to healthcare). While many studies in the literature report a higher frequency of these diseases in males, the discrepancy in this study highlights the importance of regional epidemiological characteristics. There are gender-based differences in the epidemiology of lung diseases in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The dominance of chronic bronchitis and pneumonia in females demonstrates the need to re-evaluate lung diseases in this community and to develop gender-specific prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.