Abstract : Pain is one of the most prevalent and distressing symptoms in patients with cancer and remains a major cause of suffering across all stages of the disease. Despite the availability of effective pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, cancer-related pain is still frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated. Contemporary clinical guidelines emphasize the importance of systematic pain assessment, mechanism-oriented therapy, multimodal pharmacological treatment, and early integration of supportive and palliative care. This narrative review presents an evidence-based overview of cancer pain management in adult oncology patients, focusing on the classification of pain mechanisms, principles of pain assessment, pharmacological treatment according to the WHO analgesic ladder, and practical aspects of opioid therapy. The role of adjuvant analgesics, prevention of adverse effects, and interdisciplinary care is also discussed.